liver

Question 1

LOFTUS major functions of the liver (6)

Answer 1

• carb metabolism
• protein metabolism
• immune fcn
• lipid metabolism
• vitamin metabolism
• detox & excretion

Question 2

LOFTUS major type of lipoprotein produced by liver for lipid transport

Answer 2

VLDL

Question 3

LOFTUS GUACC

Answer 3

glucose
urea
albumin
cholesterol
coag = fibrinogen, coag factors

Question 4

LOFTUS ALP specific to which tissues? location in hepatocyte?

Answer 4

liver, bone, GC induced (dog only)

transmembrane protein

Question 5

LOFTUS GGT specific to which tissues? location in hepatocyte?

Answer 5

only liver contributes to serum GGT

transmembrane protein

Question 6

LOFTUS forms and methods of excretion of bilirubin

Answer 6

urobilinogen

stercobilin

Question 7

LOFTUS DDX for fancones syndrome with liver dz

Answer 7

lepto

Cu associated hepatopathy

Question 7

LOFTUS DDX for fancones syndrome with liver dz

Answer 7

lepto

Cu associated hepatopathy

Question 8

LOFTUS DDX for Liver associated ammonia biurate crystals

Answer 8

PSVA

liver failure

Question 9

LOFTUS types of effusions in abdomen

Answer 9

hemorrhage
chyle
transudate
exudate
bile peritonitis
uroabdomen

Question 10

LOFTUS ascites treatments basics

Answer 10

• IVF replacement (avoid 0.9& NaCl)
• avoid NA retaining drugs (GCs, NSAIDs)
• Na wasting diuresis (lasix)
• consider colloids and therapeutic abdcentesis

Question 11

LOFTUS basic findings in suspected PVSA

Answer 11

• stunted growth
• small liver
• non specific GI signs
• abberant behavior from HE
• UG signs due to stones
• cats only eyes change to Cu colored

Question 12

LOFTUS tests to run in PSVA suspect

Answer 12

• minimum database
• serum BAs
• coags, prot C
• abd U/S
• baseline cortisol (r/o endocrine?)

Question 13

LOFTUS pillars of PSVA medical mgmt

Answer 13

• diet change
• lactulose
• antibiotics =(

Question 14

LOFTUS rank protein sources for medical mgmt of PVSA’s diet

Answer 14

dairy & veg&raquo_space; chicken, eggs, fish&raquo_space;> red meat

Question 15

LOFTUS basics of liver dz treatment

Answer 15

Vitamin e
NAC IV or SAMe PO
vitamin k 
B complex
gastroprotectants
lactulose - for HE
mannitol - for ICP

Question 16

PRIETO enzymes that promote GB contraction and relaxation and their sources

Answer 16

CCK –> contract from duodenum

somatostatin –> pancreas and gi

Question 17

PRIETO

Question 18

PRIETO functions of BAs (3)

Answer 18

emulsify fat
neutralize acid
excretion of cholesterol [and bilirubin]

Question 19

PRIETO name the two most common canine dzs of the GB

Answer 19

GB mucocele

cholelithiasis

Question 20

SMITH findings in Cu toxicity of sm rums

Answer 20

methemoglobinuria
yellow adipose
gun metal kidneys
brown mms
sequelae of photosensitization

Question 21

TOMLINSON mechanism of photosensitization in LA with liver dz

Answer 21

chlorophyll from diet normally converted to phylloerythrin (PE) with is conjugated in the LIVER so it can be excreted in BAs.

PE accumulates in skin facilitating formation of free radicals with sunlight

Question 22

TOMLINSON LA liver leakage enzymes `

Answer 22

SHD
AST
GLDH

Question 23

TOMLINSON best LA cholestatic enzyme

Answer 23

GGT