lithosphere

Question 1

what is uniformitarianism? example?

Answer 1

changes in the earth’s crust over time. Ex-weather & erosion

Question 2

what is catastrophism? example?

Answer 2

changes in the earth’s crust due to violent and unusual events. Ex-the extinction of dinosaurs caused by an asteroid.

Question 3

what is core accretion theory?

Answer 3

how the planets in our solar system were formed.

Question 4

what layer of the earth has convection currents?

Answer 4

middle mantle (asthenosphere)

Question 5

what state of matter is the outer core in? inner core?

Answer 5

outer core- liquid

inner core- solid

Question 6

what is the outer core made of? inner core?

Answer 6

outer core- iron and nickel (metal)

inner core- iron and nickel (metal)

Question 7

what layer/s of the earth is the lithosphere part of?

Answer 7

upper mantle and oceanic crust

Question 8

how is a metamorphic rock formed? features?

Answer 8

heat and pressure

features: foliation, crystals

Question 9

how is a sedimentary rock formed? features?

Answer 9

pressure and cementing

features: small pieces of rock, shells, fossils, sand grains, etc.

Question 10

how is an igneous rock formed? features?

Answer 10

cooling and hardening

features: grainy, glassy, bubbles, crystals, mostly black in color

Question 11

what is the difference between extrusive and intrusive?

Answer 11

intrusive- magma cools slowly below the surface

extrusive- magma cools quickly above the surface

Question 12

what are the different types of mining?

Answer 12

surface mining (pit mining, strip mining, and quarrying)

underground mining

Question 13

what process by which one can remove usable material from ore?

Answer 13

pit mining

Question 14

what are some environmental impacts from mining?

Answer 14

deforestation, changing courses of flowing water, releasing heavy metals and chemicals

Question 15

what are some economic impacts from mining?

Answer 15

creates jobs, we use a lot of mining materials

Question 16

what is a convergent boundary? what does it form?

Answer 16

collision of plates
> <
ex- himalayas

Question 17

what is a divergent boundary? what does it form?

Answer 17

spreading apart
< >
ex- mid atlantic ridge

Question 18

what is a transform boundary? what does it form?

Answer 18

plates sliding past one another
>
<
ex- california-north american and pacific plate boundary

Question 19

what is an epicenter?

Answer 19

the point on the surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.

Question 20

what is a focus?

Answer 20

the place in the fault the rocks move (aka the start of an earthquake).

Question 21

where are seismic waves?

Answer 21

vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.

Question 22

what is a caldera?

Answer 22

a large crater formed from the collapse of a volcano’s mouth.

Question 23

what is a vent?

Answer 23

opening in crust where lava is ejected.

Question 24

what is pyroclastic flow?

Answer 24

current of volcanic matter (ash, lava, gases) that flows at high speeds away from volcano.

Question 25

what is the difference between lava and magma?

Answer 25

lava is when magma reaches above the earth’s surface, and magma is underneath earth’’s surface

Question 26

what is a crater?

Answer 26

bowl-shaped depression which houses the vent.