lithosphere Flashcards
(26 cards)
what is uniformitarianism? example?
changes in the earth’s crust over time. Ex-weather & erosion
what is catastrophism? example?
changes in the earth’s crust due to violent and unusual events. Ex-the extinction of dinosaurs caused by an asteroid.
what is core accretion theory?
how the planets in our solar system were formed.
what layer of the earth has convection currents?
middle mantle (asthenosphere)
what state of matter is the outer core in? inner core?
outer core- liquid
inner core- solid
what is the outer core made of? inner core?
outer core- iron and nickel (metal)
inner core- iron and nickel (metal)
what layer/s of the earth is the lithosphere part of?
upper mantle and oceanic crust
how is a metamorphic rock formed? features?
heat and pressure
features: foliation, crystals
how is a sedimentary rock formed? features?
pressure and cementing
features: small pieces of rock, shells, fossils, sand grains, etc.
how is an igneous rock formed? features?
cooling and hardening
features: grainy, glassy, bubbles, crystals, mostly black in color
what is the difference between extrusive and intrusive?
intrusive- magma cools slowly below the surface
extrusive- magma cools quickly above the surface
what are the different types of mining?
surface mining (pit mining, strip mining, and quarrying)
underground mining
what process by which one can remove usable material from ore?
pit mining
what are some environmental impacts from mining?
deforestation, changing courses of flowing water, releasing heavy metals and chemicals
what are some economic impacts from mining?
creates jobs, we use a lot of mining materials
what is a convergent boundary? what does it form?
collision of plates
> <
ex- himalayas
what is a divergent boundary? what does it form?
spreading apart
< >
ex- mid atlantic ridge
what is a transform boundary? what does it form?
plates sliding past one another
>
<
ex- california-north american and pacific plate boundary
what is an epicenter?
the point on the surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
what is a focus?
the place in the fault the rocks move (aka the start of an earthquake).
where are seismic waves?
vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.
what is a caldera?
a large crater formed from the collapse of a volcano’s mouth.
what is a vent?
opening in crust where lava is ejected.
what is pyroclastic flow?
current of volcanic matter (ash, lava, gases) that flows at high speeds away from volcano.
