Lithosphere

Question 1

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite structure and composition

Answer 1

Mineral

Question 2

Mineral identification tests (4 types)

Answer 2

Hardness, luster, streak, cleavage and fracture

Question 3

Hardness of a mineral can be tested by:

Answer 3

Scratching the mineral with a set hardness level

Question 4

Defines as metallic or nonmetallic

Answer 4

Luster

Question 5

Streak

Answer 5

The color of the mineral when it is broken up and powdered

Question 6

Cleavage

Answer 6

Smooth, flat breakage

Question 7

Fracture

Answer 7

Rough, jagged breakage

Question 8

Rock formed from cooled magma

Answer 8

Igneous

Question 9

Intrusive igneous rocks

Answer 9

Rocks that forms when magma cools under the earths surface

Question 10

Extrusive igneous rocks

Answer 10

Rocks that formed above the earths surface

Question 11

Dense, heavy, dark colored igneous rock that is rich in iron and magnesium. Found at seas

Answer 11

Basaltic igneous rocks

Question 12

Light colored rocks with less density than basaltic rocks. Rich in silicon and oxygen

Answer 12

Granitic igneous rocks

Question 13

Rocks that have compositions between granitic and basaltic rocks

Answer 13

Andestic igneous rocks

Question 14

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 14

Rocks that undergo great pressure and heat at tectonic plate boundaries

Question 15

Mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel bands

Answer 15

Foliated metamorphic rocks

Question 16

Rock where no banding occurs, but the grains are smaller.

Answer 16

Non-foliated metamorphic rocks

Question 17

Rocks made from cemented sediment particles

Answer 17

Sedimentary rocks

Question 18

Detrial sedimentary rocks

Answer 18

Made from broken fragments of other rocks

Question 19

Chemical sedimentary rocks

Answer 19

When solution evaporates, the minerals left behind cements together to form a rock

Question 20

Shield volcano

Answer 20

Quiet eruptions, and spreads basaltic lava in flat layers. The lava flows. Ex. Hawaiian islands

Question 21

Cinder cone volcanoes

Answer 21

Explosive eruptions that have a steep-sided loose slopes. More mountainous

Question 22

Magma cooled in air

Answer 22

Tephra (small- cinder large- bombs)

Question 23

Composite volcanoes

Answer 23

Alternates from quiet and explosive eruptions. Later forms of tephra and slow moving magma. Ex. Mount Saint Helens

Question 24

Steps of sedimentary rock formation

Answer 24

Weathering (breaking down), erosion (movement), deposition (putting it there), lithification (cement together)

Question 25

Agents of erosion

Answer 25

Wind, water, gravity, glaciers

Question 26

Wind

Answer 26

Carries fine sand particles and created dunes

Question 27

Water

Answer 27

Carries fine sand to pebbles. Creates V shaped valleys

Question 28

Gravity

Answer 28

Can bring down a ton of sediments down at once. Landslides

Question 29

Glaciers

Answer 29

Can carry any sediment sizes. It carves U shaped valleys and creates large lakes

Question 30

Law of original horizontality

Answer 30

Sediments are deposited in flat, horizontal layers. (Steep dips or folding indicates tectonic disturbances)

Question 31

Principle of superposition

Answer 31

In horizontal layers, the oldest is at the bottom

Question 32

Law of continuity

Answer 32

A layer will spread across unless: sediment thins our at edge of basin, stops at barriers, or runs into a different type of sediment

Question 33

Principle of cross-cutting

Answer 33

Faults and igneous intrusion are younger that the rock they cut

Question 34

Tectonic plates pulling apart makes

Answer 34

Trenches (or volcanoes at the bottom of the ocean; hydrothermal vents)

Question 35

Tectonic plates running into each other creates

Answer 35

Mountains and volcanoes

Question 36

Fault lines create

Answer 36

Earthquakes