Lithosphere

Question 1

What is Plucking?

Answer 1

ice freezes onto bedrock pulling loose rocks away from the backwall creating angular, jagged surfaces. ​

Question 2

What is Abrasion?

Answer 2

angular rock embedded in the ice grinds the hollow as the glacier moves downhill. This has a sandpaper effect and results in striations on rock surfaces. ​

Question 3

What is Freeze thaw weathering?

Answer 3

occurs when water in cracks in the rock freezes, expands and contracts weakening the rock until fragments break off. ​

Question 4

Formation of a corrie

Answer 4

• Snow accumulates in a north facing hollow
• Plucking
• Abrasion
• Glacier moves downhill due to gravity
• crevasse opens up allowing meltwater in
• rotational sliding occurs
• glacier melts leaving a corrie loch
• for example corrie cas

Question 5

Formation of an Arete

Answer 5

Corrie explanation
- formed when two corries erode back to back, creating a narrow ridge.

Question 6

Formation of a pyramidal peak

Answer 6

Arete formation
- When three or more corries form around a mountain creating a jagged peak in the centre.

Question 7

Formation of a U shaped valley

Answer 7

• Snow accumulates in a North facing hollow
• Glaciers move downhill due to gravity
• Plucking
• Abrasion
• Interlocking spurs are cut off by the glacier
• the valley becomes wider and straighter, often with a misfit stream that no longer fits the valley floor
• for example Glencoe

Question 8

Formation of a ribbon loch

Answer 8

• U shaped valley explanation
• Long thin shaped loch that forms on the base of the valley
• forms where differential erosion has created a deeper area of less resistant rock, surrounded by more resistant rock
• Also form when the deposition of glacial material forms a dam
• Fore example Loch Avon

Question 9

Processes of coastal erosion

Answer 9

• Hydraulic action
• Attrition
• Solution
• Abrasion

Question 10

What is Hydraulic Action?

Answer 10

• Hydraulic action is when pounding waves compress trapped air in the rocks, creating pressure which weakens and loosens the rock

Question 11

What is Abrasion?

Answer 11

• Abrasion is when rock fragments carried in the waves are thrown against the headland creating a blasting action and wearing away the rock

Question 12

What is Solution?

Answer 12

• Solution is when acidic sea water ​dissolves rock

Question 13

What is Attrition?

Answer 13

• Attrition is when rock fragments are slowly ground down by friction from wave action as they bash into each other. This makes them smaller and rounder over time, until they form sand