Lithology And Coastal Recession

Question 1

Why are igneous rocks more resistant to erosion and weathering

Answer 1

Contains crystals - increasing the strength of the rock and reduces the number of lines of weaknesses that would be exploited by physical processes

Question 2

What do sedimentary rocks tat have been formed in a shorter geological time scale more likely to be susceptible to

Answer 2

Erosion and weathering and erode at a faster rate compared with those formed over a longer geological time

Question 3

Eg of sedimentary rock

Answer 3

Limestone and chalk

Question 4

Igneous rocks

Answer 4

Basalt and granite

Question 5

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 5

Slate and marble

Question 6

Are metamorphic rocks resistant to erosion

Answer 6

Yes

Question 8

How do igneous rocks form

Answer 8

Crystallisation of magma

Question 9

What type of plants colonise embryo and foredunes, what features do they have

Answer 9

Sea rocket and sea crouch
Deep roots and can tolerate high concentrations of salt (halophytes)

Question 10

What are the mobile funds nearer the sea

Answer 10

Embro, fore and yellow

Question 11

What are the fixed dunes

Answer 11

Nearest the back shore , grey dunes and dune slack

Question 12

Characteristics of destructive waves

Answer 12

Responsible for erosional processes
Happen at high frequency
Steep and high with a circular motion so waves break at a greater height

Remove material from coats because the swags is less powerful than the backwash

Question 13

Characteristics of constructive waves

Answer 13

Happen at low frequency
Long and low
Deposit material backwash is less powerful than squash
Move in an elliptical motion

Question 14

What is hydraulic action

Answer 14

Causes the breakdown of cliffs due to the force of the water being compressed into the cracks of the rock

Question 15

How do you form a wave cut notch

Answer 15

Erosion weathering and mass movement cause the undercutting and collapse of unconsolidatd rock
Destructive waves waves erode the base of the cliff
Causing an indent

Question 16

Wave cut platform formation

Answer 16

The multiple collapsing events lead to the cliff retreating

Question 17

When is abrasion more important

Answer 17

When weaknesses i the rock widen

Question 18

How does a cave form?

Answer 18

Corrosion attacks lines of weaknesses in the headland when the cracks widen into a small hollowed out area a cave has formed

Question 19

Arch example

Answer 19

Curdle door on the Dorset coast

Question 20

What does wind approach the coast at an angle?

Answer 20

Because of a prevailing wind direction

Question 21

How does the top of an arch collapse to form a stack?

Answer 21

Because of gravity

Question 22

How is a stump called formed?

Answer 22

Continued erosion and mothering causes the stack to break down forming a stump
at high tide, the stump can become submerged.

Question 24

What is a spit

Answer 24

When the coast changes direction at an estuary, longshore drift continues to move, sediment across the inlet
splits are fingers of sand, sticking out from one side in a coastline that has been caused by secondary winds they often have salt marshes behind them

Question 25

How is a bar formed

Answer 25

When a spit grows across a bay

Question 26

What is a tombolo

Answer 26

If a spit stretches across the mainland and joins an offshore island

Question 27

When do cuspate forelands form

Answer 27

When sediment is deposited across a bay , caused by LSD transporting sediment in 2 directions Lead to the formation of 2 spits which eventually meet resulting in the trapping of sediment until eventually a new land is formed

Question 28

What are sinks

Answer 28

Depositional landforms