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Literature > Literature Final > Flashcards

Literature Final Flashcards

1
Q

What had to occur before a distinctly American literature could exist ?

A

Early writers had to cast off their child like dependence on English literature

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2
Q

Where was the first permanent settlement in the new world

A

James town Virginia

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3
Q

What sustained the pilgrims through the hardships of their first years in New England

A

Their will to succeed and their confidence in God’s providential care

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4
Q

What was the cause of Puritanism’s decline

A

With material prosperity had come Worldly interests and goals.
Secular values were replacing religious ones.
Many second generation colonists were not numbers of the halfway covenant.

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5
Q

Because colonial literature naturally reflected the interest and concerns of its writers, it is not surprising that the earliest authors wrote mostly about

A

The threatening features of their environment

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6
Q

Once the colonists had established permanent settlements, the subject matter of literature predominantly concerned

A

Religions

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7
Q

Underlying the literary romanticism of the period of national optimism was

A

A national mood of optimism.

A spirit of confidence in the economy, political system and the citizenry of the nation.

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8
Q

Literary romanticism was a revolt against the literary values of

A

The previous age

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9
Q

As romanticism brought respectability to American letters, American writers made important contributions to what two genres:

A

Short story and novel

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10
Q

The crucial turning point in our national spirit came thus during

A

American romanticism

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11
Q

What event brought more attacks against the bible than did any other source

A

Publication of Darwin’s “origin of species”

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12
Q

The new literary spirit of romanticism dominated American literature during what years

A

1820-1865

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13
Q

Realism and naturalism appeared on the literary scene in the period

A

1865-1914

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14
Q

The three major groups of writers during this period were

A

Regionalists, realists, and naturalists

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15
Q

The three writers who are considered the “masters of realism” are

A

Howells, James, Clemens

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16
Q

How are naturalists best described ? What is their belief ?

A

That life was controlled by inexplicable forces

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17
Q

The regionalists served as the transition between what two groups of writers

A

Major romantics and major realists

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18
Q

What event in 1914 marked the end of the literary period characterized by the emergence of realism and naturalism

A

World war 1

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19
Q

What spirit of literary force did each of the following authors embody

A 
Howells- middle class spirit
James- cosmopolitan or internal spirit
Clemens- frontier spirit
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20
Q

At the end of the literary period of realism and naturalism, what was the prevailing spirit

A

Pessimism

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21
Q

Bret Harte

What publication gained him fame

A

“The luck of the roaring camp”

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22
Q

Ambrose Bierce

He was regarded by many as the first American writer to use what

A

Black humor

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23
Q

Hamlin Garland

What is his brand of realism described as and what does it mean

A

Veritism, and it means “truth”

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24
Q

What literary element do Sarah Orne jewette’s short stories emphasize

A

Characterization rather than plot or setting

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25
Q

Sarah Orne Jewett

What type of people did she write about

A

Simple country people of Maine

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26
Q

Why did Emily Dickinson say that she rejected Christ

A

“It is hard to give up the world”

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27
Q

Emily Dickinson

How did she dress and when

A

Dressed in white for the last years of her life

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28
Q

What did William Dean Howells bring respectability to

A

Realism

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29
Q

In the armerican, how is Christopher Newman described

A

Determined, intelligent, and resourceful

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30
Q

What was henry James noted for

A

Psychological realism

31
Q

What did Henry James develop through his characters

A

International theme

32
Q

What did Henry James react against in fiction

A

Didacticism

33
Q

In The adventures of huckleberry Finn, what does Samuel Longhorn Clemens use to tie the episodes together

A

A common setting

34
Q

Hoe does Clemens criticize human weakness

A

By using satire

35
Q

Samuel Longhorn Clemens

What did he make into an artistic form

A

A colloquial speech of the frontier

36
Q

What two things is Clemens described as

A

Humanists and satirists

37
Q

What made Clemens famous

A

By a tall tale

38
Q

What ideas does Crane express in his works

A

Environment and heredity play a major role in shaping lives.
Men are caught in an indifferent, puzzling universe.
Blind fate determine man’s course.

39
Q

In “God Fashioned the Ship of the World Carefully” the ship travels on the sea with

A

No direction

40
Q

In what poems does Crane show the futility of man’s pursuit of happiness

A

“I saw a man pursuing the Horizon”

41
Q

Cranes writings probed the inner workings of what

A

A soldiers mind

42
Q

What is the theme of “The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky”

A

The conflict between civilization and rugged individualism is exemplified in the clash between the settles east and uncivilized west

43
Q

What is the theme of “God Fashioned the Ship of the World Carefully”

A

Both God and world are reasonable for the worlds dirrectionalists course

44
Q

What is the theme of “I Saw a Man Pursuing the Horizon”

A

The pursuit of happiness is absurd

45
Q

What is the theme of “A Man Said to the Universe”

A

Whatever controlling power may exist feels no sense of obligation to man

46
Q

What is the theme of “Should the Wide World Roll Away”

A

The ultimate values are only human values

47
Q

Statements and facts about Jack London’s life

A

Ligitamate child who grew up in the San Fransisco slums.
Became and oyster pirate, then later helped catch oyster pirates.
Traveled as a hobo.

48
Q

As a naturalists, what did London seem to believe regarding humans and animals

A

The there are no essential differences between humans and animals

49
Q

What is the theme for “The Law of Life”

A

Many lof is no different from that of the animals.

In order for species to remain stronger, the weak and the ill are weeded out by nature.

50
Q

What does “The Law of Life” show regarding the continuation of the race

A

That the continuation of the race is more important than the individual

51
Q

Jack London’s writings reveal his deep interest in what

A

evolution

52
Q

Frank Norris’s works stress the importance of what forces in shaping ones life

A

Social and economic forces

53
Q

Who greatly influence Jack London

A

Emile Zola and Theidore Dreiser

54
Q

What is the theme of “The Octopus”

A

Man is trapped by economical and social forces

55
Q

Edwin Markham’s basic philosophy reflects what

A

Although man’s plight is at times tragic, it is not completely hopeless.
Man is capable of solving his own problems.
Man, in his fuller potential, can be “Godlike”

56
Q

What is the dominant tone of “The Man With the Hoe” and what is the one optimistic implication

A

Melancholic, the poem’s warning implies that a solution to the problem presented is at least possible

57
Q

What is William Porter’s trademark in his writing

A

Surprise ending

58
Q

What is the literary element Porter focuses most on

A

Plot

59
Q

What is the definition of situational irony

A

A composition between supposition and reality

60
Q

What does literature of the 1930s, like John Steinbeck’s “Grapes of Wrath”, generally emphasize

A

Social issues

61
Q

What primarily characterizes the Modern Era

A

Pessimism

62
Q

According to Freud, what is conscience a result of

A

Social conditioning

63
Q

What author and book have had the most significant lasting effects on the modern debasement of man

A

Charles Dawrin, “Origin of Species”

64
Q

What are the two contrasting and erroneous views of man that have affected the American thought since World War 1

A

Man is merely an animal, and is his own god

65
Q

What is the name of the substitute religion that defies man, rejects God and advocates a one world system

A

Humanism

66
Q

Liberalism attempts to reconcile what two entities

A

Traditional Christianity and modern world view

67
Q

In what region of the South is most of Eudora Welty’s fiction set

A

Mississippi Delta Country

68
Q

Where have Eudora’s have her short stories regularly appeared

A

National magazines

69
Q

What did Eudora win

A

The Pulitzer Prize

70
Q

Despite the win, what did Eudora choose regarding where she wanted to live

A

Not to move from her home region

71
Q

What is the major theme of “August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains”

A

Mankind will wait too long to take action to stop its own destruction

72
Q

What did Ray Bradbury do while he was in high school

A

Founded and edited a small, informal literary publication called Futura Fantasia

73
Q

Before settling on writing, what did Ray Bradbury do

A

Explored acting

74
Q

How is Stockdale’s love for freedom best explained

A

An understanding that stems from knowledge of its rarity

Literature (3 decks)

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