Literature Flashcards
he is a poet, literary historian, and critic who revived and reinvented traditional Filipino poetic forms, even as he championed modernist poetics. He put a face to the Filipino writer in the country , one determinedly wielding a pen against untruths, hypocrisy, and injustice. He has published many books, including the seminal Makinasyon, Pergrinasyon, Doktrinang Anakpawis, Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo, and Muli, Sa kandungan ng Lupa. He has facilated a sustained interest in Filipino poetry through poetry clinics and literary workshops of the Galian sa Arte at Tula and the Linangan sa Imahen , Retorika at Anyo.
Virgilo S. Almario (2OO3) born on March 9, 1944
He was a writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist, teacher and one of the most important forerunners of the modern Filipino short story in English. He pioneered the development of the short story as a lyrical prose-poetic form. His first published work, “ The Man Who Could be Poe”, came out in Graphic while he was still a student at Torres High School. He went to medical school while working at the Herald Midweek Magazine and at the Philcross. In 1953, he began teaching at the Department of English and Comparative Literature of the University of the Philippines. He was later named professor emeritus in 1983 and in 1989, received UP’s highest honor, a doctorate in humane letters, honoris causa.
Francisco Arcellana ( 199O) September 6, 1916- August 1, 2OO2.
He is the most known for his contribution in the fields of poetry, fiction, and non- fiction. Having described his childhood as a “ linguistic environment “, and being exposed
to various literary and popular works from local magazines to books from the
local library, he found himself fascinated with words, eventually growing up to obtain honors I the secondary level and graduating with English Degree, magna Cum Laude, from the University of Sto. Tomas. A man of many literary talents, he has produced a number of works of great import including ; Summer suns ( 1963), Words and Battlefields (1998), The Trilogy of Saint Lazarus ( 2OO1), and Galaw ng Asoge (2OO4).
Cirilo F. Bautista ( 2O14) Born on July 9, 1941
He has been honored as the pioneer in the social realist tradition in Philippine fiction. His novels embody commitment to nationalism. He gained prominence as a writer not only for his social conscience but also for his masterful handling of the Tagalog language and “ supple prose style”. He was considered as the highest –paid novelist, being paid P1OO per chapter for his novels serialized in in the popular Liwayway magazine. His novels have been considered classics of Philippine Literature as they typify a Filipino author’s commitment to nationalism. His masterpieces include the novels ,Ang Bayang Nagpatiwakal, Maganda Pa ang Daigdig, Ama, and Daluyong which have earned for him recognitions at the University of the Philippines where he was cited as the foremost Filipino novelist of his generation and champion of Filipino writer’s struggle for national identity.
Lazaro Francisco ( 2OO9) February 22, 1898- June 17, 198O
He was a
fictionist, essayist, poet , and teacher, who arculated the Filipino spirit in rural and urban landscapes.
He used the English language to express, reflect, and shape Philippine culture and Philippine sensibility.
His woks include The Winds of April , Seven Hills Away, Children Of The Ash-Covered Loam and Other Stories, The Bamboo Dancers and The Bread Of Salt and Other Stories.
He worked for the Philippine Graphic as writer and later became editor of the Evening News Magazine and Manila chronicle.
He initiated the first UP creative writing center, founder of Up Diliman Review and first president of the Philippine Write’s Association.
He also taught as visiting professor Emeritus at the California State University, Hayward and Professor at the Asian American Studies Center and English Department of the University of California.
His friends and colleagues remember him as a dedicated, honest, and humble worker who wrote about his Tagalog experience using English words, according to critic and educator Isagani Cruz.
Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzales ( 1997 September 8, 1915- November 28,
1999
He was a poet , novelist, playwright, fictionist, and labor leader who was well- known for his advocacy for exposing social injustice and pushing for freedom and independence from neocolonial rule.
He was one of the Filipino writers who practiced “ committed art.” He contributes to the development of Tagalog prose is considerable – he stripped Tagalog of its ornate character and wrote in prose closer to colonial, as opposed to the accepted “ official” style.
His writing career started when he worked as a journalist for various pre- war Tagalog newspapers. He was deeply involved in the labor movement and became part of the Congress of labor Organizations where he eventually became president in 1947.
He was imprisoned in 1951 for allege subversive activities and was release on parole after five years and six months of detention.
Among his famous poems were “ Isang Dipang Langit “, “ “Bayang Malaya”, “Panata sa Kalayaan”, “Bartolina” , at “Kung Tuyo na ang Luha mo Aking Bayan.”
Amado V. Hernandez ( 1973) September 13, 19O3 – may 24, 197O
The greatest Filipino writer in English of the 2Oth century, he was a consummate poet, fictionist, playwright, and essayist. His works, remarks historian resil b. Mojares, was unmatched in richness and range by any of his contemporaries.”
He was also a veteran journalist who wrote under the pseudonym Quijano de Manila.
Regardless of genre, Joaquin wrote with ‘highest skill and quality. ‘ notes his contemporary and fellow national artist Francisco Arcellana.
For many a time, his poetry made it to the Honor Roll of Jose Garcia Villa in the 4Os. Villa, the most influential Filipino poet during the Prewar period and a national Artist himself, thinks of Joaquin as “ the only Filipino write with real imagination- that imagination of power and depth and great metaphysical seeing- and which knows how to express itself in great language, who writes poetry, and who reveals behind his writing a genuine first –rate mind.”
Nick Joaquin (1976) May 4, 1917 – April 29, 2OO4
He was born in Rosales, Pangasinan . His early exposure to literature was largely due to his mother who bought him books to read despite their family’s poverty.
In Rosales Elementary School , he was introduced to the works of Jose Rizal , whose works have left in him a deep impression about social inequality, particularly in Noli Me Tangere.
He later enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas, where he became the Editor- in- Chief of the university’s newspaper, The Varsitarian.
He was the founder of the Philippine branch of PEN International , the oldest international literary organization of poets, playwrights, essayists, and novelists.
One of the most widely-read Filipino writers in English and a widely- translated author in the international literary scene, he was known for imbuing his works with the consciousness of class struggle and colonial experience in the country.
F. Sionil Jose (2OO1) born December 3, 1924
Is a poet , playwright, librettist , critic, scholar, mentor, and foremost
advocate of Filipino and Philippine Studies.
He is considered one of the pillars of contemporary Philippine literature,
theatre, film, and cultural studies.
He has advocated for the central place of the vernacular tradition in framing
a national identity through his literary works- both critical ug creative.
He is a poet who introduced to tagalog literature what is now known as
Bagay Poetry, an aesthetic tendency that helped change the vernacular poetic
tradition.
As a librettist, he pioneered the creative fusion of fine arts and popular
imagination.
Among his well-known musical plays are Tales of the manuvu, rama Hari,
Ang Palabas Bukas , Bayani an gang hibik at hmagsik nina Victoria Laktaw.
Bienvenido Lumbera ( 2OO6) born April 11, 1932
he was a short story writer and essayist, and the
country’s best writer of comic short stories. He focused on the neglected
aspects of Filipino cultural heritage. He also brought to public attention the
aesthetics of the country’s fiestas and helped popularize several local fiestas.
He campaigned to change the country’s Independence from English to
Filipino in the country’s stamps, currency and passports,and recovered Jose
Rizal’s manuscrips when they were stolen.
He is known for his work “ My Brother’s peculiar Chicken’. His other works
include “ we Filipinos are Mild Drinkers, Of Cocks and Kites, Fiestas, and
Something to crow About.
Alejandro R. Roces ( 2OO3) July 13, 1924- May 23, 2O11
His multifaceted career spanned 5O years of public service as educator, soldier, university president, journalist, and diplomat.
He was the only Asian to win America’s coveted Pulitzer Prize in Journalism for a series of articles predicting the outbreak of world War II.
He wrote and published 18 books , a range of literary works which include The United ( novel ), I Walked with heroes ( autobiography). I Saw the Fall of the Philippines, Mother America, and I see the Philippines Rise ( war- time memoirs).
Carlos P. Romulo ( 1982)
She was a premier Filipina poet, fictionist, literary critic, and academic and the lone female national artist for Literature thus far.
Her widely anthologized poems, “ The Little Marmoset, “ “ lament for the Littlest fellow, “ and ‘Bonsai, “ immortalize the intricacy of her impeccable poetic insight, intuition, and versification.
She “ wrote some of the most precious lines in poetry” in the country according to National artist F. Sionil Jose.
Poet and critic Geronimu H. Abad describes her poetry as “ an intellectual poetry of deep moral feeling, it exemplifies that tradition in writing which draws its motive power from the Romantic faith in the heart’s instuitions, and its aesthetic principles from the American New Criticism.”
She began a new tradition in Philippine versification in English.
With a writing career that spanned six decades, she secured an unchallenged space in Philippine literary canon. She was our “ grand dame of poetry in English.”
Edith L. Tiempo (1999) April 22, 1919 – August 21,2O11
He was a poet, literary critic , and painter. He was inspired to write after reading winesburg, Ohio by Sherwood Anderson and eventually gained a reputation for himself as a poet.
The erotic content of this work, however, resulted in a one- year suspension from the University of the Philippines.
He taught poetry at the City College of New York. He also worked for the Philippine Mission in the United Nations from 1954 to 1963, becoming Vice-
consul in 1965.
He is well- known for his short story “ Footnote to Youth “ and “ Mir-i-nisa” and his stories were included in Edward O Brien’s Annual Best American Short Stories anthology.
According to him, commas are an integral and essential part of the medium ,
regulating the poem’s verbal density and time movements, enabling each
word to attain a fuller tonal value and the line movement to become more
measured.
Jose Garcia Villa (1973) August O5, 19O8 – February 7, 1997
