Literary Terms Flashcards
1
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Denotation
A
The dictionary definition of a word
2
Q
Connotation
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The emotive or associative meaning of a word . Ex: mommy
Or stench - negative connotation
3
Q
Economical language
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Conservative use of language either through deliberate choice or weaning away over time
4
Q
Alliteration
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The beginnings of the word sound alike . Swallows swooping. Skaters skim
5
Q
Consonance
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Repetition of a consonant sound in a line or lines of poetry. And twenty rubber butter rolls (t’s, b’s)
6
Q
Assonance
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Repetition of a vowel sound in a line or lines of poetry . Of her gleaming, green hair (long e)
7
Q
Onomatopoeia
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Words that imitate sounds . Meow , ah-choo, bang
8
Q
Direct (sensory, concrete) imagery
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Touch, taste, sight, smell, sound
9
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Indirect imagery (also figurative language )
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Simile, metaphor, personification
10
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Simile
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A stated comparison using like or as . She sings like a robin. He laughs like a hyena .
11
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Metaphor
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An implied comparison . His smile lights up the room. ( indirectly comparing his smile to a lamp or the sun )
12
Q
Personification
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Applying human characteristics to anything non human. Chair legs . The breeze sings
13
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Symbol
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A thing that is itself and stands for something else. Moby Dick, the sea, an apple tree
14
Q
Mother goose (or nursery rhymes)
A
Short, repetitive, oral rhymes
15
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Lyric
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Brief, subjective poem , imagination, melody , and emotion
16
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Ballads/narratives/epics
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Tell stories
17
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Nonsense
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Plays with the usual sense of words
18
Q
Haiku
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3 lines : 5,7,5
19
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Limerick
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Light verse , 5 lines –1,2,5,3,4
20
Q
Shape poems
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Include visual figures within the poems
21
Q
Songs
A
Poetry set to music
22
Q
Closed form poetry
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Regular patterns of rhythm and rhyme . Many patterns :ABAB, ABCB, ABCC, etc
23
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Open form poetry
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No discernible regularity in rhythm and rhyme patterns
24
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Rhythm
A
Repetition of beats in a line or lines of poetry
25
Rhyme
The end of words sound the same
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Irregular or inexact rhyme
Usually found in otherwise closed form poetry : walls/ball , walked/talked, also includes sight rhymes: breath /wreath
27
Charles Perrault
French folk take collector c. 1690
28
The brothers Grimm
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. Germanic collectors of oral tales. C. 1800
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John newberry
London bookseller and printer , sold the first book for the child consumer 1744
30
Newberry Award
Given to the outstanding book for children or young adults published in America
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Carnegie medal
Given to the outstanding children or young adult book published in England
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Caldecott medal
Given for the outstanding picture book published in America
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Greenaway award
Given for the outstanding picture book published in England
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Plot
The happenings or actions and also the connections between the actions (causal relationship)
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Character
Those who act or are acted upon
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Character type
Characters known by only one or two characteristics
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Archetype
Characters familiar in stories from all times and places (hero, mentor , etc)
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Stereotype
Do not use this term to discuss story . Refers to oversimplified judgments of people or ethic or racial groups
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Setting
The time and place of the story
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Theme
The abstract ideas suggested by the concrete details of a story
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Style
In oral tales, stories are marked by repetition , character types and archetypes, and economy of language
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Oral take characteristics
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Setting
Plot
Character
Ideas
General qualities (which suggest why ora tales are appropriate for the young child )
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43
Oral tales=traditional tales
Orally composed and existed in the oral tradition in many variants for years before being written down by someone . They are anonymous products of the collective unconscious of a folk, pre- literate , culture. Loosely divided into folk tales, hero tales , myths
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Folktales
Short, self contained, oral stories dealing with local occurrences
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Variant
Any retelling of an oral tale
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Tale type
Traditional tale with an independent existence ( nursery tale, cumulative tale, trickster, pourquoi , marchen, historical, tall tale ,noodle head story, ghost stories , Cinderella stories, fable, cautionary )
47
Motif
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Smallest element in a tale having the power to exist in tradition
Character motifs
Youngest child
Wicked step
Animal form
Plot motifs
Kind deeds
Gain power using a name
Misuse magic
Wear slipper
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Hero tales
The quest of an individual to discover his or her own role in society - More info on blackboard
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Myths
Religious stories believed true by those who originated them -more info on blackboard
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Literary tales
Written rather than orally composed , by an individual author, thus it has affixed text (no variants ) that reflects the conscious artistry of an individual personality at a particular place and time
51
Court tradition
Drawn from the work of Perrault , the court tradition literary tale uses a narrative voice that is sophisticated and witty. It often burlesques folk tale conventions , frequently lasping into parody. Focused on adults, the aristocrat , human creations (art) and appeals to reason and worldly wisdom
52
Parody
A usually humorous piece that imitates another piece or style . In contemporary usage is a work created to mock, comment on, or poke fun at an original work, its subject , or author , or some other target , by means of humorous satiric or ironic imitation
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Romantic tradition
Drawn from the work of the brothers Grimm , uses a narrative voice that treats the Tale with respect and awe. , focuses on and sides with the child , the commoner , nature and appeals to empathy and feelings
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Novels
Specific kind of book. Longer works ,
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Genre
Vague categories with no fixed boundaries . They are formed by sets of conventions and many works cross into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions
Ex: fantasy , realism , historical novel, biography, autobiography, informational books
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Foreshadowing
A means of preparing the reader for events that will come later in the book
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Displacement
Involves presenting traditional symbols , patterns , characters in more superficially realistic forms .
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Allusion
A reference to a literary figure , work, event , or object
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Irony
The recognition that what is said or what happens is exactly the opposite of what is expected. It may refer to a character or to the reader
60
Satire
Human or individual vices , or institutional follies, abuses, or shortcomings are held up to censure by means of ridicule, derision, burlesque, irony, or other methods, ideally with the intent to bring about improvement. Usually meant to be funny , though the purpose is actually meant to be an attack on something of which the author strongly disapproves, using the weapon of wit
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Point of view
From whose perspective is the story being told
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Static
Non changing
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Dynamic
Changing
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Flat
A character type
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Round
Many attributes of the character are available
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Foil
To make one of the main characters look better
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Dramatic plot
A plot with rising action, a climax, denouement
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Episodic plot
Several stories held together by common characters or settings
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Parallel plots
More than one complete plots
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Subplots
The sense that other stories are taking place
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Style
Authors had variations of dialogue , vocabulary, sentence and paragraph structure and length, and the use of poetic devices.
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Tone
Can be applied to a writers attitude toward the material, the subject, or the audience
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Picture book types
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74
Picture book
At least 50% of meaning comes from pictures
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Illustrated books
Text is more important than the pictures
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George Cruikshank in 1823
Illustrated first English translation of grimms fairy tales . Also first illustrator of Oliver Twist by Dickens
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Randolph Caldecott
Often called father of modern picture book- emphasized line and movement in his picture books
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Kate Greenaway
Illustrated books of poetry for children including brownings The pied piper of Hamelin
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Walter Crane
With his theatrical background , created lavish and busy pictures for children's books
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Line
The most important artistic element, moves the eye around the page , great expressive potential
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Repose
Horizontal (stability) or a barrier in the vertical
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Space
Use of space draws ones eyes to shapes generous space may suggest emptiness, loneliness, isolation, or it may give a special emphasis to objects on the page
Lack of space may suggest claustrophobic , confusion or chaos
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Shape
May elicit emotional response shapes hold your eyes on the page
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Color
Least important, usually used in traditional ways , (Blue skys, etc) or to suggest emotion
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Texture
Illusion of giving three dimensional qualities to a flat surface fur, wood grain, etc. often applied to lines to make them appear thick, rough , or smooth etc.
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Composition
Arrangement of items on a page , tied to space
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Perspective
As we look at the picture we can talk about point of view
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Design
The layout of the entire book end papers, type design, etc
