Literary Movements

Question 1

-Promoted the existence of art for the sake of its beauty alone, was a reaction against the utilitarian views of the industrial age.
-Late 19th Century
-Oscar Wilde’s essay “The Decay of Lying” (1889)
-Wilde’s Dorian Gray
-John Keats
Location= Europe

Answer 1

Aestheticism (1868-1901)

Question 2

• In contrast to the imagist movement centered in England, the Fugitives emphasized traditional poetic forms and techniques, and their poems developed intellectual and moral themes focusing on an individual’s relationship to society and to the natural world.
• 1922-1930
• Allen Tate
• Donald Davidson
• “I’ll Take My Stand” Essays (1930)
• “The Fugitive” (1922-1925

Answer 2

Agrarians

Question 3

a group of American writers who came into prominence during the 1950s and offered a radical critique of middle class American values.

• 1945-1965
• Allen Ginsberg: 1956 Poem Howl
• Jack Kerouac’s On The Road (1957)

Answer 3

Beat Generation

Question 4

• Controversial literary faction that emerged in the mid-1960s as the artistic and aesthetic arm of the Black Power movement, a militant political operation that rejected the integrationist purposes and practices of the Civil Rights movement that preceded it.
• 1965-1975
• Baraka
• Nikki Giovanni
• Works include: Freedom-ways and The Black Scholar

Answer 4

Black Arts Movement

Question 5

Black Mountain school of poetry represented, the crossroads of poetic innovation.

• 1933-1956
• Olson’s “Projective Verse” (1950)
• Paul Blackburn
• “The Opening of the Field” (1960)

Answer 5

Black Mountain school

Question 6

A loosely knit group of writers and intellectuals who began meeting in 1905; the group’s members were united in their belief in the importance of the arts, the pursuit of knowledge, and the creation and enjoyment of aesthetic experiences.

• 1903-1964
• Lytton Strachey’s “Eminent Victorians” (1918).
• Clive Bell’s “Art” (1914).

Answer 6

Bloomsbury group

Question 7

A group of lyric poets connected to the court of Charles I of England, who supported the King during the English Civil Wars (1641–49). poetry focused on romance and Royalist sentiments, most reflecting a humorous, plaintive, or cynical tone.

• Sir John Suckling’s “Ballad Upon a Wedding”
• Richard Lovelace’s “To Althea, from Prison”.

Answer 7

Cavalier poets

Question 8

• Renewed interested in Britain’s past and in the Celtic peoples who inhabited Britain from before the Romans occupied the island; intense interest in Celtic literature, culminating in the literary forgeries attributed to the Celtic poet Ossian.
• 18th Century
• William Stukley’s “Stonehenge, A temple Restored to the British Druids” (1740)

Answer 8

Celtic Revival

Question 9

• Artistic and literary renewal associated with two distinct groups of principally midwestern writers and artists.
• Addressed the culture of Chicago, racial tensions, issues of identity, and a search for meaning.
• 1912-1925
• Theodore Dreiser’s “Sister Carrie” (1900).
• Sherwood Anderson’s “Winesburg Ohio”
  (1919) .

Answer 9

Chicago Renaissance

Question 10

Art of writing for the theater as practiced in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603).

• Shakespeare’s “As You Like It”
• Thomas Kyd’s “Spanish Tragedy”

Answer 10

Elizabethan drama

Question 11

• 1850-Present
• A philosophical, artistic, and literary movement that emphasizes individual existence and freedom of choice.
• Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s “Notes from the Underground” (1864).
• Blaise Pascal’s “Pensées” (1670).
• René Descartes

Answer 11

Existentialism

Question 12

• 1930’s to present
• fantasy literature is characterized by supernatural elements in the construction of the plot or the configuration of character.
• J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit (1937)
• Homer’s Odyssey (1937).

Answer 12

Fantasy

Question 13

• inaugurated a fresh intellectual interest in and awareness about the social and political characteristics of gay and lesbian culture.
• Early 1980’s
• Edmund White’s A Boy’s Own Story (1982).
• David Leavitt’s short story “Territory”

Answer 13

gay and lesbian literature

Question 14

• A type of fiction that employs mystery, terror or horror, suspense, and the supernatural for the simple purpose of scaring the wits out of its readers.
• Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818)
• Anne Radcliffe’s The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794)
• 1760s to the 1830s

Answer 14

gothic literature

Question 15

• Greek Drama offered a forum for public debate and a clearinghouse for doubts and unease among Athenian intellectuals concerning the future of their city-state. From its inception, Greek theater had its roots in the essentials of national pride
• fifth century BCE
• Aeschylus’ Persae
• Euripides’ The Trojan Women

Answer 15

Greek drama

Question 16

• an outpouring of African American creative energy
• McKay’s novel Home (1928).
• Richard Wright’s Native Son (1940).
• 1920-1940

Answer 16

Harlem Renaissance

Question 17

• born as a reaction to Romanticism
• 1909 and continued through 1917
• Amy Lowell’s “Some Imagist Poets”

Answer 17

imagism

Question 18

• literary enthusiasts who praised the value of narrative in fiction and encouraged the writing of fantasy.
• 1930’s-1949
• J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings
• C. S. Lewis’ Out of the Silent Planet

Answer 18

Inklings

Question 19

• Turn of 19th Century
• romantic poets who lived in the Lake District of Cumbria in northwest England
• William Wordsworth’s Guilt and Sorrow
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Christabel

Answer 19

Lake poets

Question 20

• a literary genre or style associated especially with Latin America that incorporates fantastic or mythical elements into otherwise realistic fiction
• Gabriel Garc’a MÁrquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967)
• Carlos Fuentes’ Terra nostra (1975)
• 1919-1960

Answer 20

magic realism

Question 21

• a group of poets of the 17th century who wrote lyric poetry in which wit, irony, and wordplay are applied to serious and emotionally resonant subjects.
• 1693-1900
• William Carlos Williams’ The Tempers and Spring and All

Answer 21

metaphysical poetry

Question 22

• reflects the legacy of Enlightenment thought with its emphasis on reason and rationalism, the capacity for an individual to act as an autonomous being, as well as faith in science and progress.
• Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness
• Alfred Jarry’s Ubu Roi
• 1910-1965

Answer 22

modernism

Question 23

• reflects the legacy of Enlightenment thought with its emphasis on reason and rationalism, the capacity for an individual to act as an autonomous being, as well as faith in science and progress.
• F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925)
• Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms (1929)
• 1910-1965

Answer 23

modernism

Question 24

• literary movement in which writers attempted to be true to reality, accurate in their representation of life, and methodical and nonjudgmental in their observations of the various phenomena of life.
• 1870-1920
• Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome (1911)
• Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie (1900)

Answer 24

naturalism

Question 25

• asserts the values and aesthetics of francophone Africa and promotes African consciousness of its own distinct cultural identity.
• 1930-1949
• Aimé Césaire’s L’Étudiant noir (The Black Student)
• Léon-Gontran Damas’ Pigments (1937)

Answer 25

Negritude

Question 26

• Heavily influenced by surrealism and modernism, the poetry of the New York School was serious but also ironic, and incorporated an urban sensibility into much of the work
• John Ashbery’s My Philsophy of Life
• Frank O’Hara’s Why I am Not a Painter
• 1950-1969

Answer 26

New York School

Question 27

• 1965-Present
• literature characterized by reliance on narrative techniques such as fragmentation, paradox, and the unreliable narrator; and often is (though not exclusively) defined as a style or a trend which emerged in the post–World War II era.
• Kurt Vonnegut’s Breakfast of Champions
• Joseph Heller’s Catch-22

Answer 27

postmodernism

Question 28

• Originally an art movement, this movement protesting the conventional academic art of the time.
• The pre-Raphaelites called for a simpler, less sophisticated form of painting than that which followed in the wake of the Renaissance painter Raphael
• Dante Rossetti’s “The Blessed Damozel” (1850)
• 1848-1854

Answer 28

Pre-Raphaelite movement

Question 29

• Restoration comedies were witty, sophisticated, elegant exercises, designed to reflect and occasionally satirize the manners, mores, and taste of its elite audience
• William Wycherley’s The Country Wife (1673)
• George Etherege’s The Man of Mode (1676)
• 1660-1707

Answer 29

Restoration comedy

Question 30

• large network of sometimes competing philosophies, agendas, and points of interest. It is also concerned with the individual more than with society.
• 1798-1870
• Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818)
• Lord Byron’s Don Juan

Answer 30

Romanticism

Question 31

• application of scientific knowledge to fictional purposes, by its interpretive forecasting of the consequences of technological innovations, and by its fondness for the use of the future as a setting for narratives.
• Anthony Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange
• Margaret Atwood’s The Blind Assassin
• 1516-Present

Answer 31

science fiction

Question 32

• produce literature and art based on the imagination, with a particular interest in dreams and hallucinations
• 1920-1940
• Andre Breton’s Freedom of Love
• Antonin Artaud’s Dark Poet

Answer 32

surrealism

Question 33

• sought to express individual emotional experience through the subtle and suggestive use of highly symbolized language.
• focused on the artificial and grotesque as opposed to the natural, as well as the common thematic use of ruin and decay.
• Charles Baudelaire’s Les Fleurs du mal (1857).
• Stéphane Mallarmé’s Divagations (1897)
• 1885-1910

Answer 33

symbolists

Question 34

• Theater of the Absurd describes the work of several playwrights, primarily in the 1950s and 1960s, who dealt with what they saw as the absurdity of human existence.
• Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot (1953)
• Albert Camus’s the Myth of Sisyphus
• 1950-1969

Answer 34

theater of the absurd

Question 35

• Transcendentalism espouses a belief in a kind of god or a divine principle inherent in humans that binds them to the natural world.
• 1830-1860
• Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter
• Henry David Thoreau’s Walden

Answer 35

Transcendentalism

Question 36

• period in which Indian writers were recognized for beautifully written literary texts.
• 1968-Present
• N. Scott Momaday’s House Made of Dawn
• Louise Erdrich’s The Crown of Columbus

Answer 36

American Literary Indian Renaissance