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21st Century Literature of the Philippines to the World > Literary Lenses > Flashcards

Literary Lenses Flashcards

1
Q

way of looking at literature

A

Literary Criticism

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2
Q
  • define theory as speculative.

- It is an established set of principles on which a practice of an activity is based on.

A

Culler, 2011

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3
Q

Culler 4 Main Points

A
  1. Theory is interdisciplinary- discourse with effects outside an original discipline.
  2. Theory is analytical and speculative- an attempt to work out what is involved in what we call sex or language or writing or meaning or the subject.
  3. Theory is a critique of common sense, of concepts taken as natural.
  4. Theory is reflexive, thinking about thinking, enquiry into the categories we use in making sense of things, in literature and in discursive practices.
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4
Q

Uses of Theory in Literary Studies

A
  • assess whether something is worth-reading­ the Literariness
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5
Q

seeks to understand a literary work by investigating the social, cultural, and intellectual context that produced it-a context that necessarily includes the artist’s biography and milieu.”

A

Historical Approach

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6
Q

“begins with the simple but central insight that literature is written by actual people and that understanding an author’s life

A

Biographical Approach

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7
Q

stable societies develop sites of resistance

A

Karl Marx

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8
Q

applies historical information about the time literary piece was written and could be author’s life experiences

A

Historical-Biographical Approach

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9
Q
  • What is the moral lesson of the story?
  • Values judgement within the text: What is good and bad? What is right and wrong?
  • What are the characters’ philosophies
  • Characterization: author digs deep
A

Moral-Philosophical

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10
Q

ask what the moral value of the work is and accept it or reject it based upon its compatibility with their moral code or beliefs.

A

Moral Critics

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11
Q
  • He believed that “art was a mediocre reproduction of nature.”
A

Plato

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12
Q

3 stages of psyche

A

ego, id, superego

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13
Q

PHILOSOPHICAL SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS
“To believe is to see.”

reality exists independent of the human mind
Focus: body/objects. mainly physical

A

Idealism

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14
Q

a student of Plato who broke with his men­tor’s idealist philosophy is called the father of both Realism and the scientific method.

A

Aristotle

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15
Q

a rose exists whether a person is aware of it.

A

Cohen, 1999

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16
Q

Art of Questioning

A

Socratic Method

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17
Q

all things came from idea

A

Idealism

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18
Q

doing what you want to do

A

Idealists

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19
Q

“Existence precedes presence.”

  • subjective, and lies within the individual.
  • no inherent meaning outside of human existence
  • Individual choice and individual standards rather than external standards
  • what we are
A

Existentialism

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20
Q
  • Deep thinker; out of the world idea
  • Realist; existentialist
  • Focus: freedom
A

Existentialism

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21
Q

“Essence precedes existence.”

  • concept of predetermination
  • Faith, Destiny, Soulmate, Zodiac Signs
  • “What is meant to be, will always find its way
  • to the belief that people and/or phenomenon have an underlying and unchanging ‘essence’.
A

Essentialism

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22
Q

teacher of Plato

A

Aristotle

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23
Q
  • Realistic Point of View
A

Realism

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24
Q
  • Religious belief
  • Motto in life
  • Dead Poets Society
  • Carpe Diem: Seize the day
A

Transcendatalism

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25
Q
  • Happiness is the greatest virtue in life
  • If it makes you happy: its good
  • If does not make you happy: its bad
A

Hedonism

26
Q
  • Pessimist

- Why do things if you will be dead

A

Nihilism

27
Q

“Saving Private Ryan”, strong, courageous

A

Machismo

28
Q

straight but do not qualify to machismo characteristics

A

Effeminate

29
Q
  • Beginning of gender studies (1800); women did not have the right to vote
  • “Brave”
A

Feminism

30
Q

thinking that one gender is superior to the other

A

Misogyny

31
Q

she had resolved never again to belong to another than herself

  • “Little Women”
  • QUEER – LGBTQIA+
A

Kate Chopin

32
Q
  • Karl Marx (1818-1883)
  • Shows social statutes
    Difference between poor and rich in terms of power in society, accessibility,
A

Social Marxism

33
Q

working class

A

Proletariat

34
Q

may ari ng lupa

A

Bourgeoisie

35
Q

politician, business tycoons, big companies; controls the society

A

Aristocrats

36
Q
  • Called the following because it is the one who gives satisfaction to them
A

Psychosexual Theory

37
Q

when the needs aren’t met, it is manifested when they grow up

A

Fixation

38
Q

0-2 years old; gives t

A

Oral

39
Q

2-4; toilet training

A

Anal

40
Q

most controversial part; Oedipus (1899) and Electra (1913) complex – 4-7 years old

A

Phallic

41
Q

boys rival their father to their mother

A

Oedipus Complex Freud (1899)

42
Q

0 girls rival mother

A

Electra Complex Jung (1913)

43
Q

7-15; his energy is diverted to his studies and friends

A

Latency

44
Q

partner

A

Genital

45
Q

symbol representing female; anything that blooms; flower; chalice

A

Yonic

46
Q

male; elongated

A

Phallic

47
Q

explores symbolic meanings

  • expression in fictional form, personality, state of mind, feelings
  • dreams, sub-conscious desired, sexual repression
A
  • Psychoanalysis
48
Q

people’s behavior is affected by their unconscious:

A

Freud 1880’s

49
Q

unconscious is influenced by ______

A

childhood events

50
Q

the expunging from consciousness of these unhappy psychological events” (Tyson 15).

A

Repression

51
Q

defenses:

A

selective perception, selective memory, denial, displacement, projection, regression, fear of intimacy, and fear of death, among others

52
Q

children’s need for their parents
they begin to sense that their claim to exclusive attention is thwarted by the mother’s attention to the father.
not the absolute focus of their mother’s attention

A

Oedipus Complex

53
Q
  • Carl Jung – “collective unconsciousness in the human psyche” – recurring patterns of images, symbols, themes, and stories
A

ARCHETYPAL

54
Q

12 CHARACTER ARCHETYPES

A
  1. Creator - innovation
  2. Innocent – safety; hope – apocalyptic film
  3. Sage - wisdom
  4. Explorer – freedom
  5. Outlaw - liberation
  6. Magician - power
  7. Hero - mastery
  8. Lover - intimacy
  9. Jester - enjoyment
  10. Everyman – bida; belongingness
  11. Caregiver - warmth
  12. Ruler – control; queen Elizabeth
55
Q

7 PLOT ARCHETYPES

A
  1. Good beats evil
  2. Rags to riches
  3. The important quest
  4. Comedy
  5. Tragedy
  6. Rebirth
  7. Homeward bound
56
Q

8 PROSE FICTION

A
  1. Myths
  2. Legends
  3. Fairy tales
  4. Fable
  5. Parable
  6. Short story
  7. Novella
  8. Novela
57
Q

6 NON-FICTION PROSE

A
  1. Autobiography
  2. Biography
  3. Character sketch
  4. Journal
  5. Diary
  6. Essay
58
Q

4 POETRY LYRIC

A
  1. Song
  2. Elegy
  3. Sonnet
  4. Ode
59
Q

3 NARRATIVE POETRY

A
  1. Ballad
  2. Epic
  3. Metrical romance
60
Q
  • Opposing the binary
  • Breaking the constructs
  • Giving a new face to literature
A

DECONSTRUCTIONISMS

21st Century Literature of the Philippines to the World (3 decks)

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