Literary Criticism Flashcards

1
Q

is the study, analysis, and evaluation of imaginative literature. - Mark Lund

A

Literary criticism

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2
Q

along with one of its more conspicuous modern iterations, focuses on a literary text itself, aside from questions about its author or the historical and cultural contexts of its creation.

A

New Criticism/Formalism

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3
Q

Key Aspects of Formalism/New Criticism:

A
  1. Close Reading
  2. Autonomy of the Text
  3. Form and Content Unity
  4. Literary Devices
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3
Q

investigates the life of an author using primary texts, such as letters, diaries, and other documents, that might reveal the experience, thought, and feelings that led to the creation of a literary work.

A

Biographical CRITICISM

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4
Q

Key Aspects of Biographical Criticism

A
  1. Author’s Life and Work Connection
  2. Use of Primary Sources
  3. Understanding Motives and Themes
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5
Q

has been one of the most productive forms of literary inquiry in the twentieth century. Developed in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and his followers, psychological criticism has led to new ideas about the nature of the creative process, the mind of the artist, and the motivation of characters.

A

Psychological criticism

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6
Q

The part of the mind that holds repressed desires, fears, and memories that are not accessible to conscious thought. (Sigmund Freud)

A

The Unconscious

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7
Q

A defense mechanism where uncomfortable or traumatic experiences are pushed into the unconscious to protect the individual from distress.(Sigmund Freud)

A

Repression

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8
Q

(Tripartite Psyche)
-The primitive, instinctual part of the mind
- Operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification for desires like hunger, aggression, and sexual urges.

A

The Id (Instincts)

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9
Q

(Tripartite Psyche)
- The rational, conscious part that mediates between the id and the superego.
- Operates on the reality principle, trying to satisfy the id’s desires in socially acceptable ways.

A

Ego (Reality)

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10
Q

(Tripartite Psyche)
- The moral compass, shaped by societal norms, parental guidance, and ethical values.
- Enforces feelings of guilt, shame, or pride depending on actions.

A

The Superego (Morality)

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11
Q

Represents wholeness and unity within an individual.
It is the balance between the conscious and unconscious mind.
A person who has accepted both their strengths and weaknesses.
(Jungian Archetypes)

A

The Self

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12
Q

The dark, hidden part of a person’s personality.
Contains repressed desires, fears, and weaknesses.
Often appears as an enemy or a villain in stories.
(Jungian Archetypes)

A

The Shadow

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13
Q

Feminine traits in a man (nurturing, emotion, intuition). (Jungian Archetypes)

A

Anima

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14
Q

Masculine traits in a woman (logic, assertiveness, strength). (Jungian Archetypes)

A

Animus

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15
Q

The mask people wear in society.
How a person presents themselves to others, often different from their true self.
A strict boss at work who is kind and fun-loving at home.
(Jungian Archetypes)

A

The Persona

16
Q

He believed that a healthy person had a closely linked Ideal Self and Real Self. If a person had a significant discrepancy between the Ideal Self and Real Self then the individual would have an unhealthy self image and personality.

A

Carl Rogers

17
Q

The person you aspire to be.

A

Ideal Self

18
Q

The person you actually are

19
Q

When the Ideal and Real Self are closely aligned, leading to a healthy self-image.

A

Congruence

20
Q

A significant gap between the two selves, causing anxiety and low self-worth.

A

Incongruence

21
Q
  • seeks to interpret the work of literature through understanding the times and the culture in which the work was written.
  • more interested in the meaning the literary word had for its own time than in the meaning the work might have today.
A

Historical criticism

22
Q

Key Aspects of Historical Criticism

A

Author’s Historical Context
Cultural and Social Influences
Political and Economic Conditions
Historical Accuracy vs. Literary Interpretation

23
Q

examines literature by considering the social, economic, and political context in which it was created. It explores how a literary work reflects or critiques society and its structures, including class struggles, power dynamics, and cultural influences.

A

Sociological criticism

24
Key Aspects of Sociological Criticism
Class Struggles and Social Hierarchy Power and Oppression Historical Accuracy vs. Literary Interpretation
25
one of the most important theorists of the relationship between society, politics and economics. Marx believed that history was the story of class struggles and that the goal of history was a classless society in which all people would share the wealth equally. - related to sociological approach
Karl Marx (Marxist Criticism)
26
Key Aspects of Marxist Criticism
Political and Economic Conditions
27
a sub-category of the Sociological. It examines the role and image of women in literature, media, art, and other forms of text. Likewise, we can also apply an analysis of men and their stereotypical roles throughout time and how they interact with women and how their image and roles are presented in text.
Gender /Feminist Criticism
28
examines the “universal” elements of human life as they occur across cultures. Archetypes are central to this form. Archetypes are the universal elements occuring in literary works from all over the world.
Mythological criticism
29
literature evolved from studies in anthropology and psychology. They make the reasonable assumption that human beings all over the world have basic experiences in common and have developed similar stories and symbols to express these experiences. Their assumption that myths from distant countries might help to explain a work of literature might seem a little far-fetched. However, critics of this persuasion believe it is valid.
Archetypal approach
30
readers from different periods of time, different cultures, and different places will have different interpretations of the same text. It argues that the meaning of a text is dependent upon the reader’s response to it
Reader-Response CRITICISM