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AP Language > Literary and Rhetorical Devices > Flashcards

Literary and Rhetorical Devices Flashcards

1
Q

Active Voice: Definition

A

The subject of the sentence performs the action. This is a more and preferred style of writing in most cases.

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2
Q

Active Voice: Example

A

“Anthony drove while Toni searched for the house.”

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3
Q

Active Voice: Effect

A

Active voice usually generates a more lively form of writing.

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4
Q

Allusion: Definition

A

An indirect reference to something with which the reader is supposed to be familiar.

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5
Q

Allusion: Example

A

It’s evident in things like plays, songs, and historical events.

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6
Q

Allusion: Effect

A

I adds more layers to the general text.

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7
Q

Alter-Ego: Definition

A

A character that is used by the author to the Author’s own thoughts; when an author speaks directly to the audience.

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8
Q

Alter-Ego: Example

A

William Shakespeares’ “The Tempest”

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9
Q

Alter-Ego: Effect

A

It allows the play write to speak to their audience.

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10
Q

Anecdote: Definition

A

A brief recounting of relevant episode.

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11
Q

Anecdote: Example

A

They are used in fictional and non-fictional text.

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12
Q

Anecdote: Effect

A

It pads out the story and usually creates more dialogue.

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13
Q

Antecedent: Definition

A

The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.

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14
Q

Antecedent: Example

A

“I would not pay such a price for it”

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15
Q

Antecedent: Effect

A

It gives a pronoun to an unknown thing.

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16
Q

Classicism: Definition

A

Art or literature characterized by realistic views of the world.

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17
Q

Classicism: Example

A

Romanticism.

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18
Q

Classicism: Effect

A

It adds for a more grounded and realistic concepts within the literature.

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19
Q

Comic Relief: Definition

A

A humorou scene injected into a serious story.

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20
Q

Comic Relief: Example

A

The “gatekeeper scene” in Macbeth.

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21
Q

Comic Relief: Effect

A

It adds a form of levaty within a serious story.

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22
Q

Diction: Definition

A

Word choice, particularly as an element of style.

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23
Q

Diction: Example

A

Formal of Informal.

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24
Q

Diction: Effect

A

It gives the author a certain style when they’re writing.

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25
Q

Colloquial: Definition

A

Ordinary or familiar sounding dialogue.

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26
Q

Colloquial: Example

A

It’s a common saying used by people.

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27
Q

Colloquial: Effect

A

It adds a relevant and common aspect to the dialogue.

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28
Q

Connotation: Definition

A

Rather than the dictionary definition, the association is suggested by the emotion behind the word.

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29
Q

Connotation: Example

A

“cop, policeman, and the man”

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30
Q

Connotation: Effect

A

It gives characters there own personal form of dialogue.

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31
Q

Denotation: Definition

A

The literal meaning of a word.

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32
Q

Denotation: Example

A

Policemen are simple Policemen.

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33
Q

Denotation: Effect

A

It is simply the use of words.

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34
Q

Jargon: Definition

A

The common diction used by a group of people.

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35
Q

Jargon: Example

A

The language used by Lawyers.

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36
Q

Jargon: Effect

A

It gives a common dialogue between groups of people.

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37
Q

Vernacular: Definition

A

Language or dialect of a particular region.

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38
Q

Vernacular: Example

A

Spanish in South America

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39
Q

Vernacular: Effect

A

It gives each region their own form of language

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40
Q

Didactic: Definition

A

A form of literature that teaches a lesson or moral.

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41
Q

Didactic: Example

A

The Tortoise and The Hare

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42
Q

Didactic: Effect

A

It gives the literature educational value.

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43
Q

Adage: Definition

A

A folk saying with a message

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44
Q

Adage: Example

A

“A rolling stone gathers no moss”

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45
Q

Adage: effect

A

It educates the reader

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46
Q

Allegory: Definition

A

Literary elements represent realistic concepts

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47
Q

Allegory: Example

A

Animal Farm

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48
Q

Allegory: Effect

A

It can put real life events into digestible concepts

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49
Q

Aphorism: Definition

A

A tense statement that holds great principle

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50
Q

Aphorism: Example

A

“Watched pot never boils”

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51
Q

Aphorism: Effect

A

It educates the reader

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52
Q

Ellipsis: Definition

A

a pause in a characters dialogue

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53
Q

Ellipsis: Example

A

she went to… the store

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54
Q

Ellipsis: Effect

A

It adds variety to dialogue and intensity to certain statements

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55
Q

Euphemism: Definition

A

A less offensive substitute for a risky concept

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56
Q

Euphemism: Example

A

physically challenged in place of crippled

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57
Q

Euphemism: Effect

A

political correctness or humor

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58
Q

Figurative Language: Definition

A

Writing that is not meant to be taken literally

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59
Q

Figurative Language: Example

A

Metaphor and Simile

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60
Q

Figurative Language: Effect

A

It adds variety to dialogue and literature

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61
Q

Analogy: Definition

A

A comparison between two sets of variables

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62
Q

Analogy: Example

A

America is to the world as a hippos is to the jungle

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63
Q

Analogy: Affect

A

it’s a descriptor that adds variety to literature

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64
Q

Hyperbole: Definition

A

An extreme exaggeration

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65
Q

Hyperbole: Example

A

My mother will kill me if I’m late

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66
Q

Hyperbole: Affect

A

it adds a variety to literature

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67
Q

Idiom: Definition

A

A common phrase

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68
Q

Idiom: Example

A

I got chewed out on my couch

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69
Q

Idiom: Affect

A

It adds a bit of commonality

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70
Q

Metaphor: Definition

A

Making implied comparisons

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71
Q

Metaphor: Example

A

he’s a rock

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72
Q

Metaphor: Affect

A

imagery

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73
Q

Metonymy: Definition

A

Replacing an actual word or idea with a related concept

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74
Q

Metonymy: Example

A

I could not understand his tongue

75
Q

Metonymy: Affect

A

Imagery

76
Q

Synecdoche: Definition

A

When a whole is named by it’s parts

77
Q

Synecdoche: Example

A

The rancher owned 500 head

78
Q

Synecdoche: Affect

A

Imagery

79
Q

Simile: Definition

A

Comparing something using like or as

80
Q

Simile: Example

A

Solid as a rock

81
Q

Simile: Affect

A

Imagery

82
Q

Synesthesia: Definition

A

The crossing of two sensing

83
Q

Synesthesia: Example

A

I was deafen by their colorful shirt

84
Q

Synesthesia: Affect

A

Imagery

85
Q

Personification: Definition

A

Giving human features to inhuman entity

86
Q

Personification: Example

A

The stars danced

87
Q

Personification: Affect

A

Imagery

88
Q

Foreshadow: Definition

A

When the author gives hints to what occurs

89
Q

Foreshadow: Example

A

For example, in a western movie, the good guy enters a bar, has a drink, and leaves. The bad guy scowls and spits on the floor and you know there is definitely more to come between them.

90
Q

Foreshadow: Affect

A

literary tensity

91
Q

Genre: Definition

A

The majority category that the book fits within

92
Q

Genre: Example

A

Horror, Romance, Fantasy

93
Q

Genre: Affect

A

The style of writing

94
Q

Gothic: Definition

A

Writing characterized with darkness and gloom

95
Q

Gothic: Example

A

Edgar Allan Poe

96
Q

Gothic: Affect

A

Literary style

97
Q

Imagery: Definition

A

Words that create pictures

98
Q

Imagery: Example

A

the pie’s warm golden crust smelled of butter and fresh berries

99
Q

Imagery: Affect

A

Variety in text and visual descriptor

100
Q

Invective: Definition

A

A long emotional attack using abusive language

101
Q

invective: Example

A

A knave, a rascal; an eater of broken meats; a base, proud, shallow, beggarly, three-suited, hundred-pound, filthy, worsted-stocking knave

102
Q

Invective: Affect

A

Violent dialogue

103
Q

Irony: Definition

A

The opposite of what’s expected happens

104
Q

Irony: Example

A

A fire station burns down.

105
Q

Irony: Affect

A

Comedy or Tragedy

106
Q

Verbal Irony: Definition

A

Saying the opposite of what you mean

107
Q

Verbal Irony: Example

A

sarcasm

108
Q

Verbal Irony: Affect

A

It adds humor

109
Q

Dramatic Irony: Definition

A

when the audience understands what’s going on in a situation while the characters are unaware

110
Q

Dramatic Irony: Example

A

the last scene in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, when Romeo commits suicide because he thinks Juliet is dead

111
Q

Dramatic Irony: Affect

A

It adds a different layer of tensity to the production

112
Q

Situational Irony: Definition

A

when incongruity appears between expectations of something to happen

113
Q

Situational Irony: Example

A

Johnny spent two hours sneaking into the movies, only to miss it

114
Q

Situational Irony: Affect

A

Comedy

115
Q

Juxtaposition: Definition

A

Putting to things beside each other for comparison

116
Q

Juxtaposition: Example

A

Comparing an average day for an american to someone in a third world country

117
Q

Juxtaposition: Affect

A

to portray their characters in great detail, to create suspense, and to achieve a rhetorical effect

118
Q

Mood: Definition

A

The atmosphere created by the writer

119
Q

Mood: Example

A

setting, theme, diction, and tone

120
Q

Mood: Affect

A

ensures emotional attachment to the literary piece

121
Q

Motif: Definition

A

A recurring idea in the story

122
Q

Motif: Example

A

Any idea repeated multiple times

123
Q

Motif: Affect

A

It solidifies the themes of the narrative

124
Q

Oxymoron: Definition

A

Putting two contradictory concepts together

125
Q

Oxymoron: Example

A

Jumbo Shrimp

126
Q

Oxymoron: Affect

A

Comedy

127
Q

Pacing: Definition

A

The speed or tempo of a an author’s writing

128
Q

Pacing: Example

A

Da Vinci Code (by Dan Brown)

129
Q

Pacing: Affect

A

It allows media to feel like a smooth ride

130
Q

Paradox: Definition

A

A seemingly contradictory situation

131
Q

Paradox: Example

A

I am nobody

132
Q

Paradox: Affect

A

it adds layers

133
Q

Parallelism: Definition

A

There’s a pattern on the sentence structure

134
Q

Parallelism: Example

A

swept the floor, dusted the mantle, beat the rug

135
Q

Parallelism: Affect

A

nice sentence

136
Q

Anaphora: Definition

A

Repetition of a or word sentence structure

137
Q

Anaphora: Example

A

I came, I saw, I conquered

138
Q

Anaphora: Affect

A

It’s pleasing

139
Q

Chiasmus: Definition

A

When words are used twice

140
Q

Chiasmus: Example

A

when the going gets tough the tough gets going

141
Q

Chiasmus: Affect

A

it fits the situation

142
Q

Antithesis: Definition

A

Two contradictory words

143
Q

Antithesis: Example

A

IT was the worst of times, it was the best of times

144
Q

Antithesis: Affect

A

it’s the opposite

145
Q

Zuegma: Definition

A

When one word effects two or more words

146
Q

Zuegma: Example

A

The butler killed the wife, and then the mistress

147
Q

Zuegma: Affect

A

One word effects others

148
Q

Parenthetical Idea: Definition

A

Parenthesis is used to set ideas apart from the original

149
Q

Parenthetical Idea: Example

A

In a short time (and time is getting shorter by the gallon) America will be out of oil

150
Q

Parenthetical Idea: Affect

A

It allows additional information to be added to the sentence

151
Q

Parody: Definition

A

An exaggerated imitation of a serious work

152
Q

Parody: Example

A

The Simpsons often parody Shakespeare’s plays

153
Q

Parody: Affect

A

Comedic Effect and Political commentary

154
Q

Persona: Definition

A

The fictional mask or narrator that tells the story

155
Q

Persona: Example

A

The Narrator

156
Q

Persona: Affect

A

The reader has a guide that will move them through the story

157
Q

Poetic Device: Definition

A

Devices in poetry used to manipulate sounds of words

158
Q

Poetic Device: Example

A

Alliteration

159
Q

Poetic Device: Affect

A

It creates a better sounding poem

160
Q

Alliteration: Definition

A

When sounds are repeated consecutively in a sentence

161
Q

Alliteration: Example

A

She sells seashells by the sea shore

162
Q

Alliteration: Affect

A

It creates a better sounding poem

163
Q

Assonance: Definition

A

The repetition of multiple vowels

164
Q

Assonance: Example

A

From the molten golden note

165
Q

Assonance: Affect

A

It creates a better sounding poem

166
Q

Consonance: Definition

A

The repetition of the same consonant sound

167
Q

Consonance: Example

A

“Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door”

168
Q

Consonance: Effect

A

It creates a better sounding poem

169
Q

Onomatopoeia: Definition

A

The use of a word which imitates or suggests the sound that the thing makes.

170
Q

Onomatopoeia: Example

A

Snap, rustle, boom, murmur

171
Q

Onomatopoeia: Effect

A

It creates imagery

172
Q

Internal rhyme: Definition

A

When a line of poetry contains a rhyme within a single line.

173
Q

Internal rhyme: Example

A

“To the rhyming and the chiming of the bells!”

174
Q

Internal rhyme: Affect

A

It creates a better sounding poem

175
Q

Slant rhyme: Definition

A

When a poet creates a rhyme, but the two words do not rhyme exactly – they are merely similar.

176
Q

Slant rhyme: Example

A

“I sat upon a stone, / And found my life has gone.”

177
Q

Slant rhyme: Affect

A

It creates an aesthetically pleasing poem

178
Q

End Rhyme: Definition

A

When the last word of two different lines of poetry rhyme.

179
Q

End Rhyme: Example

A

“Roses are red, violets are blue, / Sugar is sweet, and so are you.”

180
Q

End Rhyme: Affect

A

It creates a nice sounding poem

181
Q

Rhyme Scheme: Definition

A

The pattern of a poem’s end rhymes.

182
Q

Rhyme Scheme: Example

A

For example, the following lines have a
rhyme scheme of a b a b c d c d:
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? a
Thou art more lovely and more temperate. b
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May. a
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. b
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines c
And often is his gold complexion dimmed d
And every fair from fair sometime declines c
By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed d

183
Q

Rhyme Scheme: Affect

A

It creates a nice sounding poem.

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