literally f this Flashcards
Nerve roots if positive femoral stretch test
L3/L4
Nerve roots if positive sciatic stretch test?
L5/S1
Crystals in osteoarthritis
Calcium phosphate - coffin shaped (no refringence)
Crystals in rheumatoid arthritis
Cholesterol - rhomboid shaped (negatively birefringence)
Maintenance therapy for SLE
NSAIDs and hydroxychloroquine
Treatment for severe flares of SLE
IV cyclophosphamide and high dose steroids
Treatment of giant cell arteritis
High dose steroids
give PPI and bone protection as well
Sun burst pattern
Osteosarcoma
Popcorn calcification
Chondrosarcoma
Local cortical sclerosis with central radiolucent nidus
Osteoid osteoma
How does fat embolism present?
SOB
Rash
Cognitive dysfunction
Brown-sequard
Ipsilateral paralysis and loss of dorsal column
Contralateral pain and temperature
Nerve that could be damaged in anterior hip dislocation
Obturator
Nerve that could be damaged in hip and pelvic fractures
Femoral nerve
Injury results in positive trendelenberg sign
Superior gluteal nerve
Injury results in difficulty rising from seated position
Inferior gluteal nerve
Side effects of sulfasalazine
Rash
Sperm
Hepatotoxicity
This hernia is medial to the epigastric artery
Direct inguinal hernia
This hernia is lateral to the epigastric artery
Indirect inguinal hernia
What makes up Hesselbach’s triangle?
Epigastric artery and vein, rectus abdominus, inguinal ligament
Triad of Boerrhave’s syndrome
Vomiting
Thoracic pain
Subcutaneous emphysema
Ulcer relieved by eating
Duodenal ulcer
Budd-Chiari triad
Abdominal pain, ascites, enlarged liver
Drugs you should avoid in liver failure
Opiates and diuretics
Avoid oral hypoglycaemics
(warfarin will have increased effect)
Cancer markers that may be raised in cholangiocarcinoma
CA125, CA19-9, CEA
Ultrasound will typically show a fluid filled structure with poorly defined boundaries
Amoebic abscess
Treatment of amoebic abscess
Metronidazole
Blood test results in hydatid cysts
LFTs are usually abnormal and eosinophilia is present in 1/3rd of cases
Treatment of hydatid cysts
Sterilisation of the cyst with mebendazole and followed by surgical resection
Investigation for Meckel’s diverticulum
Technetium-99 perchentate scan
“treatment of breast cancer”
Surgery and radiotherapy
Drugs, which can cause parkinsons
Prochlorperizine, chlorpromazine, lithium, metoclopramide
Should you use NSAIDs or paracetamol in old people?
Try to use paracetamol - NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors may cause GI haemorrhae in old people, they can exacerbate CHF, they also interact with diuretics and blood pressure medication
