Literacy Key Terms Flashcards
Grapheme
A symbol or letter representing a phoneme
Digraph
Two symbols or letters representing a phoneme
Substitution
One letter being swapped out for another letter
Omission
Unstressed sounds get missed out
Insertion
A letter which is not conventionally part of the spelling is added
Transposition/Transposed letters
- In which a letter is written the wrong way around
- Note: dyslexic children will often get the letters b, p and d mixed up
Salient Sounds
Writing only the key sounds in a word
Grapheme cluster substitution
A combination of letters are swapped for a different set of letters
Phonics
- Sounding out a word in order to be able to read/write it from what they hear (Reyner)
- Does not work well for words which don’t have GPC or homonyms
Whole Word Approach
- Children should be taught to write as whole words as this is more fluent and adult-like (Curtis)
- This aids comprehension over pronunciation
- However, if the child has not seen the word before, then this can make it very difficult to write, even if the word has GPC
Grapheme Phoneme Correspondence
- GPC
- Being able to match a phoneme to a grapheme and vice versa
Hypotaxis
Use of conjunctions to join clauses
Overgeneralisation/undergeneralisation
Over/underapplying a rule in a context which is not correct
Directionality
When the words go from left/right or vice versa
Linearity
When words go in a straight line
