Lit Review

Question 1

Progress and Legislation

Answer 1

• The Philippines has made strides in supporting special education through legislation like Republic Act 11650 (2022) and Republic Act 7277 (Magna Carta for Disabled Persons).
• The Department of Education mandates Special Education Centers nationwide to increase access to specialized services

Question 2

Challenges

Answer 2

• Teachers may feel unprepared due to limited training and resources (lesson plans, materials, facilities).
• Lack of parental involvement and community awareness can hinder student potential.
• Unequipped SPED centers and inadequate support in mainstream classrooms create barriers.

Question 3

Effective Pedagogical Practices

Answer 3

• Early Childhood: Creating stimulating environments, using visual/sensory materials, incorporating movement breaks, fostering social-emotional growth, and collaboration among educators.
• Vocational: Teacher as a “change agent” promoting inclusion, strong student interaction, student-centered approach, bridging the gap between education and work.
• Classroom Teachers: Tailoring instruction, using a balance of teacher-directed and student-directed learning, clear and systematic instruction, and fostering positive learning environments.

Question 4

Collaboration and Support

Answer 4

• The Philippine Business for Education (PBEd) promotes inclusive education, improves teacher quality, and equips graduates with relevant skills.
• Programs like Step Up provide scholarships and training to enhance teacher skills.

Question 5

Specialization and Professional Development

Answer 5

• Specialization allows educators to develop a deeper understanding of specific needs, assessment methods, and interventions.
• Collaboration and international standards (WCAG 2.0, PQF) can enhance professional development opportunities.

Question 6

The Evolving Role of Special Needs Educators

Answer 6

• Educators play a multifaceted role, addressing diverse student needs within the framework of Response to Intervention (RTI).
• Responsibilities extend beyond academics to include behavior management, social skills development, and advocacy.
• Experienced professionals may take on leadership roles in schools or become policy advocates.

Question 7

Career Opportunities

Answer 7

• Special education offers diverse careers in schools (teachers, administrators, coordinators) and beyond (early intervention, advocacy, mental health).
• Effective special education teachers utilize technology, collaborate with various professionals, and work in diverse settings.