LIT EXAM REVIEWER Flashcards
_____ is concerned with describing and explaining the expression in literature of a people during a period of time, in a place, and usually in a specific language
literary history
“explain allusions in texts, establish the expectations associated with a genre in a given time and place, show how a work broke through a general crisis in aesthetic construction, demonstrate that it served or subverted a dominant ideology and so forth.” this is the function of
literary history
this was considered as the longest literary period
pre-colonial period
what were the materials used for writing during the Spanish period?
leaves and tree barks
true or false: The Philippines was not yet culturally developed before we were colonized
false: the Philippines was already culturally developed even before we were colonized, proof of which was the use of native syllabary as our system of writing before the Spaniards replaced it with the Roman alphabet during the Spanish colonial period.
literature created during the pre-colonial period were ____ in tradition
oral
______ literature was a product of the community; it reveals the common experiences of people living together and their way of life, their beliefs, attitudes, and emotions.
Pre-colonial
true or false: pre-colonial literature was also spontaneous and instinctive
true
conventions of oral literary forms
- formulaic repetitions
- stereotyping of characters
- regular rhythmic and musical devices
a traditional verbal expression containing one or two descriptive
elements, a pair of which may be in opposition to each other, the referent of the elements is to be guessed
riddles (bugtong)
customarily used and served as laws or rules on good behavior and as practical guides in living life by our ancestors. These are like allegories or parables that impart lessons for the young.
proverbs (salawikain)
two essential features of proverbs are
its didacticism for the contents and its conciseness for the form
short poems during the pre-colonial period were mostly
quatrains (4 lines) with monograming heptasyllabic (7 syllable) lines
the Hanunuoo-Mangyans of Mindoro call these poems
ambahan
used in witchcraft or enchantment
chants (bulong)
In Sanlucar and Noceda’s Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (1854), these short poems were given the name
tanaga
“a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and aspirations, the people’s lifestyles as well as their loves.”
folk songs
these songs mirrored early forms of culture
folk songs
are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the pre-colonial period.
folk songs
4 prose narratives of the pre colonial period
myths (mito), legends (alamat), folktales (kuwentong bayan), fables (Pabula)
deal mainly with the creation of the universe, the origin of man, the gods and
supernatural beings, and native culture heroes
myths (mito)
are prose narratives like myths that are regarded true by the narrator and
audience but are set in a period more remote, when the world was much as it is today
legends
are made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror and humor where one can derive lessons about life. These are useful to us because they help us appreciate our environment, evaluate our personalities and improve our perspectives in life.
folktales
are stories that use animals as characters and are meant to impart lessons.
fables
drama has not yet evolved during the pre-colonial period and its
simplest form are mostly mimetic dances imitating natural cycles and work activities
rituals and dance as drama
long heroic narratives which recount the adventures of tribal heroes.
epics
when did the period of Spanish colonization begin?
when Miguel Lopez de legazpi established the first permanent Spanish settlement in Cebu in 1565
what did the Spanish impose
spanish monarchy and Roman Catholic religion
who had direct contact with the filipinos during the Spanish rule thus becoming the embodiment of the Spanish rule
the parish priests
what else did the Spanish bring during the Spanish period
printing press
what was the first book published in the Philippines
doctrina Christiana
published in Memorial de la vida Cristiana. This is a poem written by an unnamed native. This bears an imagery of a turbulent storm to affirm Christian heroism (Lumbera 37). This poem contains characteristics of pre-colonial oral literatures such as the use of the heptasyllabic line and monorime while giving recognition to the salvation brought by the Catholic religion. This poem perfectly captures the merging of the pre-colonial culture and the culture of the Spanish colonizers.
may bagyo ma’t may rilim
written by Gaspar Aquino De Belen, among the several pasyons written during this time, this was considered to be the one that exemplified conscious design and careful composition. The pasyon depicts the last moments of Christ eventually leading to his crucifixion and resurrection. The pasyon also replaced the epics of the pagan past and, just like pre-colonial epics, was sung with a fixed melody during Lenten season. (Lumbera 38)
ang mahal na passion ni jesu Christong Panginoon Natin
a stage play that also depicts the passion of the Christ and was performed during the Lenten season.
sinakulo
native poetic theater; they are later known as moro-moro or poetic theater about Christian and Moorish warriors.
komedya
____ literary forms also emerged during the 18thcentury. These literary forms drew its plot from Spanish ballads about warriors and their love and fame, giving Filipinos a picture of an idealized
European society that represents religious piety and loyalty to the monarchy. (Lumber 39)
secular
a narrative poem that consisted of four 12-syllable monoriming lines. It reached its peak during the first half of the 19th century.
awit
what was the most popular awit during the Spanish period
florante at Laura by Francisco baltazaar
also a narrative poem but with four 8-syllable monoriming lines. The most notable korido poet was Jose de la Cruz better known as “Huseng Sisiw”.
korido
is a play that uses shadows as its main spectacle. This is created by animating figures
made from cardboard, which are projected onto a white screen.
carillo
is the dramatic reenactment of St. Helena’s search for the Holy Cross.
tibag
are native dramas that are connected to Catholic mourning rituals and harvest
celebrations
duplo or karagatan
are musical comedies or melodramas that deal with elemental passions of human beings.
zarzuelas
written by Padre Modesto de Castro, a native priest, this book of manners tells the exchange of letters between Urbana and Feliza. This book, according to Lumbera (42), was to establish the stereotype of popular characters who were to people Tagalog novels and dramas during the 20thcentury.
urbana at feliz
written by Pedro Paterno. According to Lumbera (42), this is the first novel in
Filipino. This tells the story of the young Ninay and her demise brought by her tragic love with
Carlo and the loss of her parents.
Ninay
two novels written by Jose Rizal.
Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891)
in this poem written by Marcelo H. Del Pilar, he used parody to attack the Spanish friars and urges the faithful to throw them out.
ang pasyong damat ipag-alab ng tang baba sa kalupitan ng fraile
short essays written by Emilio Jacinto meant to be published in the Katipunan newspaper Kalayaan.
Liwanag at Dilim
written by Andres Bonifacio, this poem makes reference to earlier poems written by Hermenegildo Flores (Hibik ng Pilipinas sa Inang Espanya) and Marcelo H. Del Pilar (Sagot ng Espanya sa Hibik ng Pilipinas). This poem by Andres Bonifacio aims
to establish once and for all the break from reformism.
katapusang hibik ng pilipinas
The Philippines came under new colonial rule when Spain ceded control of the country to the United States for $20 million in the
treaty of Paris
the new public education system introduced the English language to the Filipinos. Writers during this time are still trying to learn the new language brought by the American colonizers.
the period of re-orientation
what was the medium of instruction during the American period
English
During this time, writers were still emulating the style and mode of writing of writers coming from the Anglo-American tradition.
the period of imitation
It was also during the American period when the first Filipino novel in English was written,
A Child of Sorrow
this period marked the Filipinos mastery of the English. Writers during this time were already able to use the English language as if it was their own native language.
period of self-discovery
______ and ______made their appearance during the American period, helping in the dissemination of information about the current times making the Filipinos more aware of what was happening in the country.
newspapers and magazines
Author of Ang Pangginggera (1912). A novel in verse about a young married woman drawn to panggingge in order to overcome her grief caused by her son’s death. “Is a successful attempt to bring Tagalog narrative poem all the seemingly anti-poetic elements that are the source of powering the Rizal Tradition.”
Lope K. Santos
A very popular Tagalog lyric poet. his poem Sa Dakong Silangan(1928), used the form of the awit and retold the history of the philippines from the Spanish colonial Period until the arrival of the American colonizers
Jose Corazon de Jesus - Huseng Batute
his first volume of poems Many Voices (1939) showed his espousal for art that was free from any ties of society. He advocated for “art for art’s sake
Jose Garcia villa
wrote the zarzuela Walang Sugat (1902). he is one of the country’s national artist for theatre
Severino reyes
The ______ de emphasized the use of English language
Japanese
the japans pushed for what language as the national language
tagalog
English newspapers during the Japanese occupation closed except for these 2:
tribune and the philippine review
one notable Tagalog short story collection that was published during the Japanese occupation was
25 Pinakamabuting Kuwento ng Taong 1943 by Macario Pineda
the country was in a state of despair when the philippine republic was created in 1946
post war period
when was the Philippine republic created
1946
