List 10 | 26/04/2022 | PTE

Question 1

vernacular /vəˈnækjʊlə/

Answer 1

vernacular /vəˈnækjʊlə/

1. N-COUNT The vernacular is the language or dialect that is most widely spoken by ordinary people in a region or country. 方言

…books or plays written in the vernacular.
…用此方言写的一些书或剧本。

Question 2

vital /ˈvaɪtəl/

Answer 2

vital /ˈvaɪtəl/
1. ADJ If you say that something is vital, you mean that it is necessary or very important. 至关重要的

The port is vital to supply relief to millions of drought victims.
这个港口至关重要，给数百万旱灾民提供救济物资。

It is vital that parents give children clear and consistent messages about drugs.
至关重要的是，父母们给子女提供关于毒品明确一致的观点。

2. vitally ADV 至关重要地

Lesley’s career in the church is vitally important to her.
莱斯利的教会生涯对于她而言至关重要。

Question 3

anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪˌpeɪt/

Answer 3

anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪˌpeɪt/ (anticipating, anticipated, anticipates)

1. V-T If you anticipate an event, you realize in advance that it may happen and you are prepared for it. 预期

At the time we couldn’t have anticipated the result of our campaigning.
当时我们不可能预期到我们活动的结果。

It is anticipated that the equivalent of 192 full-time jobs will be lost.
据预测相当于192个全职的工作将会丧失。

2. V-T If you anticipate a question, request, or need, you do what is necessary or required before the question, request, or need occurs. 预先准备

What Jeff did was to anticipate my next question.
杰夫所做的是预先准备我的下一个问题。

Question 4

mutual /ˈmjuːtʃʊəl/

Answer 4

mutual /ˈmjuːtʃʊəl/

1. ADJ You use mutual to describe a situation, feeling, or action that is experienced, felt, or done by both of two people mentioned. 相互的

The East and the West can work together for their mutual benefit and progress.
东西方可以为互惠和进步而合作。

2. mutually ADV 相互地

Attempts to reach a mutually agreed solution had been fruitless.
想要达成一个彼此同意的解决方案，却无果而终。

3. →see exclusive
4. ADJ You use mutual to describe something such as an interest which two or more people share. 共同的

They do, however, share a mutual interest in design.
然而，他们确实对设计有共同的兴趣。

5. ADJ If an insurance company or savings bank has mutual status, it is not owned by shareholders but by its customers, who receive a share of the profits. (保险公司或储蓄银行) 互助的 [商业] [ADJ n]

…a mutual company based in Columbus, Ohio.
…一家总部在俄亥俄州哥伦布市的互助公司。

Question 5

reconciliation /ˌrɛkənˌsɪlɪˈeɪʃən/

Answer 5

reconciliation /ˌrɛkənˌsɪlɪˈeɪʃən/

1. N-VAR Reconciliation between two people or countries who have quarrelled is the process of their becoming friends again. A reconciliation is an instance of this. 和解

…an appeal for reconciliation between Catholics and Protestants.
…一个对天主教徒和新教徒之间和解的呼吁。

2. N-SING The reconciliation of two beliefs, facts, or demands that seem to be opposed is the process of finding a way in which they can both be true or both be successful. 调和; 一致

…the ideal of democracy based upon a reconciliation of the values of equality and liberty.
…平等和自由两种价值观和谐统一基础上的民主观念。

Question 6

commissioner /kəˈmɪʃənə/

Answer 6

commissioner /kəˈmɪʃənə/ (also Commissioner)

1. N-COUNT A commissioner is an important official in a government department or other organization. (政府部门等的) 重要官员

…Alaska’s commissioner of education.
…阿拉斯加州的教育要员。

Question 7

criterion /kraɪˈtɪərɪən/

Answer 7

criterion /kraɪˈtɪərɪən/

1. N-COUNT A criterion is a factor on which you judge or decide something. (判断的) 标准

The most important criterion for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work.
参加的最重要标准就是申请人必须设计并制作自己的作品。

Question 8

sovereignty /ˈsɒvrəntɪ/

Answer 8

sovereignty /ˈsɒvrəntɪ/

1. N-UNCOUNT Sovereignty is the power that a country has to govern itself or another country or state. 统治权

Concern to protect national sovereignty is far from new.
对捍卫国家主权的关注绝不是新话题。

Question 9

clinical /ˈklɪnɪkəl/

Answer 9

clinical /ˈklɪnɪkəl/

1. ADJ Clinical means involving or relating to the direct medical treatment or testing of patients. 临床的 [医学]

The first clinical trials were expected to begin next year.
第一批临床试验预计明年开始。

2. clinically ADV 临床地

She was diagnosed as being clinically depressed.
她被诊断为患临床抑郁症。

3. ADJ You use clinical to describe thought or behaviour that is very logical and does not involve any emotion. 无人情味的 [表不满]

All this questioning is so clinical – it kills romance.
所有这些发问是如此如此无人情味–使浪漫荡然无存。

Question 10

tribe /traɪb/

Answer 10

tribe /traɪb/

1. N-COUNT-COLL Tribe is sometimes used to refer to a group of people of the same race, language, and customs, especially in a developing country. Some people disapprove of this use. 部落

…three-hundred members of the Xhosa tribe.
…科萨族部落的3百名成员。

Question 11

monolithic /ˌmɒnəˈlɪθɪk/

Answer 11

monolithic /ˌmɒnəˈlɪθɪk/

1. ADJ If you refer to an organization or system as monolithic, you are critical of it because it is very large and very slow to change, and does not seem to have different parts with different characters. 大一统的 [表不满]

…an authoritarian and monolithic system.
…大一统的独裁体制。

2. ADJ If you describe something such as a building as monolithic, you do not like it because it is very large and plain with no character. 巨大而平庸的 [表不满]

…a huge monolithic concrete building.
…一座巨大而平庸的混凝土建筑。

Question 12

statue /ˈstætjuː/

Answer 12

statue /ˈstætjuː/

1. N-COUNT A statue is a large sculpture of a person or an animal, made of stone or metal. (石或金属做的动物或人的) 雕像

…a bronze statue of an Arabian horse.
…一座阿拉伯马青铜雕像。

Question 13

toughest [tʌfɪst]

Answer 13

toughest [tʌfɪst] (tougher, toughest)

1. ADJ 最坚强的；最坚韧的；最粗暴的；最苛刻的

Question 14

captivity /kæpˈtɪvɪtɪ/

Answer 14

captivity /kæpˈtɪvɪtɪ/

1. N-UNCOUNT Captivity is the state of being kept imprisoned or enclosed. 囚禁; 圈养

The great majority of barn owls are reared in captivity.
绝大多数仓鸮是圈养的。

Question 15

counterpart /ˈkaʊntəˌpɑːt/

Answer 15

counterpart /ˈkaʊntəˌpɑːt/

1. N-COUNT Someone’s or something’s counterpart is another person or thing that has a similar function or position in a different place. 对应的人或物

As soon as he heard what was afoot, he telephoned his German and Italian counterparts to protest.
他一听到在进行中的事，马上就给德国和意大利相应人员打电话抗议。

Question 16

aerial /ˈɛərɪəl/

Answer 16

aerial /ˈɛərɪəl/

1. ADJ You talk about aerial attacks and aerial photographs to indicate that people or things on the ground are attacked or photographed by people in aeroplanes. 从空中的 (袭击等) [ADJ n]

Weeks of aerial bombardment had destroyed factories and motorways.
数周的空袭已经摧毁了各工厂和公路。

Patterns that are invisible on the ground can be the most striking part of an aerial photograph.
在地面上看不见的图案可能是空中照片中最为醒目的部分。

2. N-COUNT An aerial is a device or a piece of wire that sends and receives television or radio signals and is usually attached to a radio, television, car, or building. 天线 [英国英语]

Question 17

promptly /ˈprɒmptlɪ/

Answer 17

promptly /ˈprɒmptlɪ/

1. ADV If you do something promptly, you do it immediately. 立即 [ADV with v]

Sister Francesca entered the chapel, took her seat, and promptly fell asleep.
弗朗西丝卡修女走进小教堂，就了座，很快就睡着了。

2. ADV If you do something promptly at a particular time, you do it at exactly that time. 准点地

Promptly at a quarter past seven, we left the hotel.
我们在7：15准点离开了旅馆。

Question 18

gown /ɡaʊn/

Answer 18

gown /ɡaʊn/

1. N-COUNT A gown is a dress, usually a long dress, which women wear on formal occasions. (女用) 长礼服

The new ball gown was a great success.
那件新款长礼服非常成功。

2. N-COUNT A gown is a loose black garment worn on formal occasions by people such as lawyers and academics. (律师、大学教师等在正式场合穿的) 黑色礼袍

…an old headmaster in a flowing black gown.
…一位身着飘垂黑色礼袍的老校长。

Question 19

commencement /kəˈmɛnsmənt/

Answer 19

commencement /kəˈmɛnsmənt/

1. N-UNCOUNT The commencement of something is its beginning. 开始 [正式]

All applicants should be at least 16 years of age at the commencement of this course.
所有申请人在本课程开始时应至少年满16岁。

2. N-VAR Commencement is a ceremony at a university, college, or high school at which students formally receive their degrees or diplomas. 毕业典礼 [美国英语]

President Bush gave the commencement address today at the University of Notre Dame.
布什总统今天在巴黎圣母院大学发表了毕业典礼演说。

Question 20

stipend /ˈstaɪpɛnd/

Answer 20

stipend /ˈstaɪpɛnd/

1. N-COUNT A stipend is a sum of money that is paid to a student or volunteer for their living expenses. 助学金 [美国英语]
2. N-COUNT A stipend is a sum of money that is paid regularly to someone, for example a member of the clergy, for their services or to cover their living expenses. 薪俸; 生活津贴

Question 21

pursue /pəˈsjuː/

Answer 21

pursue /pəˈsjuː/ (pursuing, pursued, pursues)

1. V-T If you pursue an activity, interest, or plan, you carry it out or follow it. 执行; 贯彻 [正式]

He said Japan would continue to pursue the policies laid down at the London summit.
他说日本将继续贯彻伦敦峰会上确定的方针。

2. V-T If you pursue a particular aim or result, you make efforts to achieve it, often over a long period of time. 追求; 努力实现 [正式]

He will pursue a trade policy that protects American workers.
他将努力实行保护美国工人的贸易政策。

3. V-T If you pursue a particular topic, you try to find out more about it by asking questions. 追问 [正式]

If your original request is denied, don’t be afraid to pursue the matter.
如果你最初的要求被拒绝了，不要害怕去追问这件事情。

4. V-T If you pursue a person, vehicle, or animal, you follow them, usually in order to catch them. 追赶 [正式]

She pursued the man who had stolen a woman’s bag.
她追赶那个偷了一女士钱包的男子。

Question 22

imprison /ɪmˈprɪzən/

Answer 22

imprison /ɪmˈprɪzən/ (imprisoning, imprisoned, imprisons)

1. V-T If someone is imprisoned, they are locked up or kept somewhere, usually in prison, as a punishment for a crime or for political opposition. 监禁

He was imprisoned for 18 months on charges of theft.
他因盗窃指控而被监禁了18个月。

Question 23

reputable /ˈrɛpjʊtəbəl/

Answer 23

reputable /ˈrɛpjʊtəbəl/

1. ADJ A reputable company or person is reliable and can be trusted. 声誉好的

You are well advised to buy your car through a reputable dealer.
你通过一个声誉好的经销商来买车是明智的。

Question 24

foremost /ˈfɔːˌməʊst/

Answer 24

foremost /ˈfɔːˌməʊst/

1. ADJ The foremost thing or person in a group is the most important or best. 最重要的; 最好的

He was one of the world’s foremost scholars of ancient Indian culture.
他是世界上最优秀的古印度文化学者之一。

2. PHRASE You use first and foremost to emphasize the most important quality of something or someone. 首先 [强调]

It is first and foremost a trade agreement.
它首先是一项贸易协定。

Question 25

politician /ˌpɒlɪˈtɪʃən/

Answer 25

politician /ˌpɒlɪˈtɪʃən/

1. N-COUNT A politician is a person whose job is in politics, especially a member of the government. 政客 (尤指政府成员); 政治家

They have arrested a number of leading opposition politicians.
他们已经逮捕了一些主要的反对党政治家。

Question 26

counterpart /ˈkaʊntəˌpɑːt/

Answer 26

counterpart /ˈkaʊntəˌpɑːt/

1. N-COUNT Someone’s or something’s counterpart is another person or thing that has a similar function or position in a different place. 对应的人或物

As soon as he heard what was afoot, he telephoned his German and Italian counterparts to protest.
他一听到在进行中的事，马上就给德国和意大利相应人员打电话抗议。

Question 27

drought /draʊt/

Answer 27

drought /draʊt/

1. N-VAR A drought is a long period of time during which no rain falls. 干旱

…a country where drought and famines have killed up to two million people during the last eighteen years.
…过去18年来干旱和饥荒致死达两百万人的一个国家。

Question 28

irrigate /ˈɪrɪˌɡeɪt/

Answer 28

irrigate /ˈɪrɪˌɡeɪt/ (irrigating, irrigated, irrigates)

1. V-T To irrigate land means to supply it with water in order to help crops grow. 灌溉

None of the water from Lake Powell is used to irrigate the area.
鲍威尔湖的水没有被用来灌溉这一地区。

2. irrigation N-UNCOUNT 灌溉

The agricultural land is hilly and the irrigation poor.
这片农田多丘陵，而且灌溉条件很差。

Question 29

prospective /prəˈspɛktɪv/

Answer 29

prospective /prəˈspɛktɪv/

1. ADJ You use prospective to describe someone who wants to be the thing mentioned or who is likely to be the thing mentioned. 预期的 [ADJ n]

The story should act as a warning to other prospective buyers.
这篇报道应该可以对其他可能的购买者起到警告作用。

prospective students
未来的学生

2. ADJ You use prospective to describe something that is likely to happen soon. 可能很快发生的 [ADJ n]

The terms of the prospective deal are most clearly spelled out in Business Week.
这笔即将达成的交易条款在《商业周刊》上清楚地阐述了。

Question 30

appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/

Answer 30

appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/

1. N-VAR The appointment of a person to a particular job is the choice of that person to do it. 任命

His appointment to the cabinet would please the right wing.
他进入内阁的任命会令右翼高兴。

2. N-COUNT An appointment is a job or position of responsibility. 职务; 职位

Mr. Fay is to take up an appointment as a researcher.
费伊先生将担任研究员的职务。

3. N-COUNT If you have an appointment with someone, you have arranged to see them at a particular time, usually in connection with their work or for a serious purpose. 约会

She has an appointment with her accountant.
她和她的会计师有个约会。

4. PHRASE If something can be done by appointment, people can arrange in advance to do it at a particular time. 通过预约

Viewing is by appointment only.
参观须预约。

Question 31

compliment

Answer 31

compliment (complimenting, complimented, compliments)
动词读作ˈkɒmplɪˌmɛnt。名词读作ˈkɒmplɪmənt。

1. N-COUNT A compliment is a polite remark that you make to someone to show that you like their appearance, appreciate their qualities, or approve of what they have done. 恭维话

You can do no harm by paying a woman compliments.
对女人讲恭维话不会有什么害处。

2. V-T If you compliment someone, you give them a compliment. 恭维

They complimented me on the way I looked each time they saw me.
他们每次见到我都就我的外貌恭维我。

Question 32

respiratory /ˈrɛspərətərɪ/

Answer 32

respiratory /ˈrɛspərətərɪ/

1. ADJ Respiratory means relating to breathing. 呼吸的 [医学] [ADJ n]

…people with severe respiratory problems.
…有严重呼吸问题的人们。

Question 33

frustrate /frʌˈstreɪt/

Answer 33

frustrate /frʌˈstreɪt/ (frustrating, frustrated, frustrates)

1. V-T If something frustrates you, it upsets or angers you because you are unable to do anything about the problems it creates. 使懊丧

These questions frustrated me.
这些问题使我懊丧。

2. frustrated ADJ 懊丧的

Roberta felt frustrated and angry.
罗伯塔感到又懊丧又生气。

3. V-T If someone or something frustrates a plan or attempt to do something, they prevent it from succeeding. 挫败

The government has deliberately frustrated his efforts to gain work permits for his foreign staff.
政府蓄意挫败了他为其外国员工取得工作许可证的努力。

Question 34

sedimentary /ˌsɛdɪˈmɛntərɪ/

Answer 34

sedimentary /ˌsɛdɪˈmɛntərɪ/

1. ADJ Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediment left by water, ice, or wind. (岩石)沉积的 [ADJ n]

Question 35

speculate /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪt/

Answer 35

speculate /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪt/ (speculating, speculated, speculates)

1. V-T/V-I If you speculate about something, you make guesses about its nature or identity, or about what might happen. 猜测

Critics of the project speculate about how many hospitals could be built instead.
该项目的批评者们则猜想这相当于可以建多少家医院。

The doctors speculate that he died of a cerebral haemorrhage caused by a blow on the head.
医生们猜测他死于头部撞击引起的脑溢血。

2. speculation N-VAR 猜测

The president has gone out of his way to dismiss speculation over the future of the economy.
总统努力消除对未来经济的悲观估测。

3. V-I If someone speculates financially, they buy property, stocks, or shares, in the hope of being able to sell them again at a higher price and make a profit. 做投机买卖

The banks made too many risky loans which now can’t be repaid, and they speculated in property whose value has now dropped.
银行贷出了太多现在无法偿还的风险贷款，而且他们在房地产业做了投机买卖，其价值目前也已经下跌。

Question 36

fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/

Answer 36

fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/

1. N-UNCOUNT Fatigue is a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness. 疲惫

She continued to have severe stomach cramps, aches, fatigue, and depression.
她仍有严重的胃痉挛、疼痛、疲惫和抑郁症状。

2. N-UNCOUNT You can say that people are suffering from a particular kind of fatigue when they have been doing something for a long time and feel they can no longer continue to do it. 疲乏

…compassion fatigue caused by endless TV and celebrity appeals.
…电视和名人无休止的呼吁所引起的怜悯疲劳。

3. N-UNCOUNT Fatigue in metal or wood is a weakness in it that is caused by repeated stress. Fatigue can cause the metal or wood to break. (金属、木材的) 疲劳

The problem turned out to be metal fatigue in the fuselage.
问题原来出在机身的金属疲劳。

4. N-PLURAL Fatigues are clothes that soldiers wear when they are fighting or when they are doing routine jobs. 军服

He never expected to return home wearing combat fatigues.
他从未想到会穿着作战服回家。

Question 37

boost /buːst/

Answer 37

boost /buːst/ (boosting, boosted, boosts)

1. V-T If one thing boosts another, it causes it to increase, improve, or be more successful. 促进

Lower interest rates can boost the economy by reducing borrowing costs for consumers and businesses.
低利率可以通过为消费者和商家降低借贷成本来促进经济发展。

2. N-COUNT Boost is also a noun. 推动力

It would get the economy going and give us the boost that we need.
这会推动经济发展并带给我们所需要的推动力。

3. V-T If something boosts your confidence or morale, it improves it. 增强 (信心、士气)

We need a big win to boost our confidence.
我们需要一个大的胜利来增强我们的自信心。

4. N-COUNT Boost is also a noun. (信心、士气的) 增强

It did give me a boost to win such a big event.
赢了这么一场大型比赛，的确使我士气大振。

5. N-COUNT If you give someone a boost, you push or lift them from behind so that they can reach something. 推; 托 [usu sing]

He cupped his hands and gave her a boost up to the ledge.
他双手拢作杯状把她托上了窗台。

Question 38

amateur /ˈæmətə, -tʃʊə/

Answer 38

amateur /ˈæmətə, -tʃʊə/

1. N-COUNT An amateur is someone who does something as a hobby and not as a job. 业余爱好者

Jerry is an amateur who dances because he feels like it.
杰瑞是一位业余舞蹈爱好者，他跳舞因为他喜欢跳。

2. ADJ Amateur sports or activities are done by people as a hobby and not as a job. 业余的 [ADJ n]

…professional athletes and amateur runners.
…专业运动员和业余赛跑运动员。