Liquids And Solids Flashcards
Polar molecules have little attraction in the _______ state because ________
Gaseous
They are very far apart
Polar molecules are also called _____ because they have a slightly negative and slightly positive end
Dipoles
Highly polar molecules have higher boiling points than low polar molecules because
They have stinger attractive forces
Covalent bond strength from weakest to strongest
London, dipole dipole, H bond
London forces are also called
Dispersion forces
Van der waal’s forces
Instantaneous dipole forces
Induced dipole forces
What are London forces
Weak instantaneous dipoles that are attracted toward each other
Small atoms have ______polarizablities
Low
Big atoms have __________ polarizablities
High
Polarizablity
The ease with which the electron cloud around an atom or molecule may be deformed into a dipole
(Ability to make an atom polar)
Hydrogen bonds occur when hydrogen bonds with
N O or F
NOF
Surface tension
Attractive forces between molecules at the surface of a liquid
Cohesive forces
Attractions between identical molecules in a liquid
Adhesive forces
Attractions between different molecules in a liquid or a flat surface
Viscosity
A liquids resistance to flow
Ex of a high viscosity
Syrup (think liquid)
Ex of a low viscosity
Water
Low viscosity is seen in substances with
Low attractive forces
Vapor pressure
The pressure that develops in the gas phase above a liquid in a closed container
Normal boiling point
Boiling point at 1 ATM
Boiling occurs when
Vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure around the liquid
Heat of vaporization
Energy needed to convert 1 gram of liquid into 1 gram of gas at a temp at normal boiling point
Heat of vaporization is equal to
Negative heat of condensation
Polar substances have _______ heats of vaporization than non polar substances
Higher
Lattice energy
Energy needed to distrust a crystal
