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Ceutics Midterm 2 > Liquid Dosage Forms 10 > Flashcards

Liquid Dosage Forms 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Liquid Dosage Forms

A
  • Solutions
    • ​Clear / in solution
    • *solubility
  • Colloids
  • Suspensions
    • ​not soluble
    • matrix, suspends unsoluble drug
  • Emulsions
  • Other
    • ​Parenteral products
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2
Q

Pharmaceutical principles

A
  • Solvents and solubility
    • ​Non-Polar Solvents = MINERAL OIL
    • Semi-Polar Solvents = Ethanol / GLycols
    • Polar solvents = water
  • Solvent Categories
    • ​based on their dipole moment / polarity of solvent
  • Solubility Generalizations
    • ability of sulute to form HYDROGEN BONDS with solvent is very important in determining solubility
    • soluble drugs desirble for GI obsorption
  • Solubility application to dosage form design /prep
  • Dispersion size
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3
Q

Solvent Categories

A
  • Polar Solvents = Water
    • High Polarity / High Dielectric Constant / High Dipole Moment
  • Semipolar Solvents = Ethanol / Glycols
    • Intermediate everything
  • NON-polar Solvents = Mineral Oil
    • ​low everything
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4
Q

Solutions Plus What =

A
    • Surfactant
      • = micellular dispersion
  • + Surfactant & insoluble drug
    • = liposome
  • + Surfactant & Oil
    • ​= emulsion
  • ​+ Insoluble drug
    • ​= Suspension
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5
Q

Solutions

A
  • Molecular dispersions that may be components of other dispersions
    • Colloids / Suspension / Emulsions
  • Preformulation Studies - properties of drugs
  • Problem Solving –> Know properties of ACTIVE INGREDIENT
  • Solution Dosage Forms design & Characteristics
  • Solution Product Components
    • ​Include Packages / Devices / Supporting Ingredients
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6
Q

Solution Product Components

A
  • API (active Drug)
  • Supporting Inactive Ingredients
    • ​Cosolvent / Inactive ingredients for stabilization
    • Chelant ~EDTA
    • Inactive ingredients for bioavailibility / APplication
    • Inactive ingredients for Compliance
      • ​viscosity / flavor / Color / Small
  • Packages
  • Processes for specific applications
    • ​ex. aseptic facility
  • ​Administration device
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7
Q

Oral Solutions

A
  • Syrups
    • ​Sweeteners / flavors / colors / preservatives
  • Elixers
    • ​+Alcohol
  • Mouthwashes / Laxatives
  • Oils / Capsules
  • Flavoring / Parenteral Solutions
  • Irrigation Solutions / Enemas
  • Opthalmics / Otics
  • Nasal Solutions / SPrays
  • Meter Dose Inhalers / Inhalation Solutions
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8
Q

Colloids

A
  • Dispersions w/ particle size BELOW VISIBLE LIMITS
    • LyoPHILIC colloids
      • ​cellulosics / large ORGANICs
    • LyoPHOBIC colloids
      • ​inorganics
    • Association Colloids
      • ​surfactants! –> form micelles / liposomes
  • Solubilized but not dissolved
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9
Q

Suspensions

A
  • Stoke’s Law
    • ​Determines velocity of SEDEMENTATION
  • Brownian Motion
    • only affects particles <5 um in size
  • Inactive Ingredients
    • ​Suspending agents / gelling agnets
    • Viscosity enhancers (Cellulosics / Polymers)
    • FLocculating Agents
    • Anti-Microbial Preservatives
    • Buffer System
    • Wetting Agent (surfactant/anti-foaming agents)
    • Sweeteners/flavor/color/fragrance
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10
Q

Suspension Dosage Forms

A
  • Oral Suspensions
    • ​Antacids, antidiarrheals, antibiotics
  • Granules for reconstitution
  • Opthalmic / otic / Nasal suspensions
  • Rectal Suspensions
  • Topical Suspensions
  • Inhalation Suspensions
  • Patenteral Suspentions
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11
Q

Aerosol Inhalation

Flovent

A
  • Considered a SUSPENSION even WITHOUT SUSPENDING AGENT
    • bc powder is MICRONIZED ~1um
    • does not need suspension
    • Due to BROWNIAN MOTION
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12
Q

Types of Emulsions

A
  1. O/W
  2. W/O
  3. Multiple emulsions - w/o/w
  4. Microemulsions
    1. ​100um max
  5. Nanoemulsions
    1. ​<.1um
  6. ​In Vivo emulsions
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13
Q

HLB Chart

A
  • Micellization / Solubilization
    • ​18+ HLB
  • ​Detergents
    • ​13-16
  • ​O/W Emulsions
    • ​12
  • ​Wetting / Spreading Agents
    • ​7-9
  • ​W/O Emulsions
    • ​3-8
  • ​Anti-Foaming Agents
    • ​<3
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14
Q

Emulsion Dosage Forms

A
  • Oral Emulsions
  • Opthalmic Emulsions
  • Topical
  • Parenteral
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15
Q

Inactive Ingredients in Emulsions

A
  • Supporting inactive ingredients
    • ​Oil to dissolve API
  • ​Inactive Ingredients to STABILIZE API
    • ​Buffer system
    • Chelant
    • Antioxidant
  • ​Emulsifying Agent
  • Aqueouss Phase
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16
Q

SEDDS

A
  • Self Emulsifying drug delivery system
    • ​Semipolar solvents
      • ​Ethanol / Propylene glycol / PEG400
    • Surfactants
      • Polysorbate 80
    • Oils
      • ​corn / safflower oil
  • Commercial SEDDS formulations
    • ​Norvir
    • Neoral / Sandimmune (Cyclosporine)
    • -AVIR’s
17
Q

Parenteral Products

A
  • Have Additional Requirements to the properties of non-parenteal products
    • STERILITY
    • ABSENCE OF PYROGENS
    • minimize particulates
    • stability / ISOTONICITY
    • compatability
    • Safety
18
Q

Adding Surfactant to Solution

A
  1. Solution
    1. more surfactant
  2. MICELLE
  3. LIPOSOME
  4. EMULSION
19
Q
A

Ceutics Midterm 2 (7 decks)

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