Lipids & Lipoprotein Flashcards
are organic compounds distinguished from other substances mainly by their insolubility in water and solubility in nonpolar compounds. Actually potentially esters of fatty acids
Lipid
Major lipids
Phospholipid, Cholest, Trigy, Fatty Acid, Fat soluble vitamins like (A,D,E,K)
Building blocks of lipids. Long chains of carbon-hydrogen bonds that terminate with a carboxyl group (RCOOH)
Fatty Acid
Most abundant lipids, same structure to triglycerides, except they contain two fatty acids.
Phospholipid
3 molecules of fatty acid + 1 molecule of glycerol by ester bonds. Very hydrophobic and water insoluble. Evaluates suspected atherosclerosis.
TRIGLYCERIDES (TAG)
Unsaturated steroid alcohol worth 4 rings and a single C-H side chain. Not catabolized by most cells, synthesized by animals.
Cholesterol
One 18-Carbon or longer fatty acid bound to amino group of sphingosine
Ceramides
Major Lipid Components in Plasma
TAG, cholesterol, phospholipid
Protein moiety of Lipoprotein. Amphipathic helix”
APOLIPOPROTEINS
Largest and the least dense class of lipoprotein
Chylomicrons
Transports endogenous TAG from the liver to muscles, fat depots and peripheral tissues
Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
Smallest lipoprotein but most dense. Transport excess cholesterol (reverse cholesterol transport).
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
Most cholesterol rich and most atherogenic. Transport cholesterol to the peripheral tissues
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
Known as the “sinking pre-B lipoprotein”
Independent risk factor for Atherosclerosis
Secondary transporter of cholesterol to tissues
Lipoprotein (a)
Product of VLDL catabolism
Intermediate Density Lipoprotein (IDL)
Specific and sensitive indicator of cholestasis
Obstructive jaundice and LCAT deficiency
Apo-C and albumin
Lipoprotein X
Floating B lipoprotein
Increase in Type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia or dysbetalipoproteinemia
B-VLDL
Hydrolyzes TAG in lipoproteins (CM and VLDL)
Lipoprotein Lipase
Hydrolyze lipids in VLDL and IDL
Hepatic TAG Lipase
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT)
Esterification of cholesterol from HDL
Hydrolyzes phospholipids and TAG in HDL
Endothelial lipase
Imbalance between synthesis and clearance of VLDL in the circulation
Hypertriglyceridemia
Elevated level of cholesterol and TAG, increased risk of CHD development
Combined Hyperlipidemia
plaque develops in arteries of the arms or legs
PVD-Peripheral Vascular Disease
Detection of an increased Chylomicrons
Standing Plasma Test
VLDL, LDL, Chylomicrons (absent)
Chole and TAG (low)
Abetalipoproteinemia
Deficiency of HDL. Orange to yellow discoloration of tonsils and pharynx.
Tangier’s Disease
Inability to clear chylomicron particles. Abdominal pain and pancreatitis.
Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency
Accumulations of sphingomyelin in the BM, spleen and lymph nodes
Niemann-Pick Disease
