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Lipids (Characteristics to Forms) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components that make up a lipid molecule (3 answers)

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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2
Q

What transports lipids?

A

Lipoproteins

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3
Q

What enzyme cleaves fatty acids?

A

Pancreatic lipase

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4
Q

Triglycerides are converted into?
(2 answers)

A

Monoglycerides
Diglycerides

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5
Q

Cholesterol esters are transformed into?

A

Free cholesterol

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6
Q

Phospholipids are converted into?

A

Lysophospholipids

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7
Q

What does amphiphatic mean? (2 answers)

A

Containing a hydrophilic/polar end and a hydrophobic/nonpolar end

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8
Q

Amphiphatic lipids aggregate with ______________ and form ____________

A

Aggregate with bile acids
Form micelles

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9
Q

Micelles are absorbed into the blood through what organ?

A

Intestines

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10
Q

Micelles, when re-esterified, turn into what? (2 answers)

A

Triglycerides
Cholesteryl esters

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11
Q

What molecules make up triglycerides?

A

3 molecules of fatty acids
1 molecule of glycerol

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12
Q

Triglycerides are also known as?

A

Triacylglycerol

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13
Q

What characteristics of triglycerides make it an ideal main storage form of lipid?

A

Hydrophobic
Water insoluble

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14
Q

Most triglycerides from plant sources come in what form?

A

Unsaturated fatty acids
Exist as oils

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15
Q

Triglycerides from animal sources come in what form?

A

Saturated fatty acids
Solid (at room temperature)

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16
Q

Triglycerides are called as such due to having no charge

A

Neutral fats/lipids

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17
Q

Three roles of triglycerides

A

Energy source
Integral part of cell membrane
Insulation or shock absorber

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18
Q

Lipid that is not readily catabolized by most cells

A

Cholesterol

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19
Q

Four roles of cholesterol

A

Part of cell membrane
Promote fat absorption as detergents
Can be converted to steroid hormones
Can be transformed to vitamin D3 by sunlight exposure

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20
Q

What tissues can convert cholesterol to steroid hormones

A

Tissues from endocrine system
(e.g. adrenal gland, testis, ovary)

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21
Q

The two forms of cholesterol in the body

A

Free cholesterol
Cholesterol (Cholesteryl) Esters or Esterified

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22
Q

Approximately 60-70% of total cholesterol in the body

A

Cholesterol Esters

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23
Q

Composed of cholesterol ring and fatty acid

A

Cholesterol Esters

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24
Q

Approximately 30-40% of cholesterol in the body

A

Free Cholesterol

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25
Q

Unesterified cholesterol

A

Free Cholesterol

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26
Q

Composed of cholesterol ring only

A

Free cholesterol

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27
Q

No fatty acids attached

A

Free cholesterol

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28
Q

Composed of 2 fatty acid molecules, phospholipid head group, and a glycerol molecule

A

Phospholipids

29
Q

What is a phospholipid composed of?

A

2 fatty acid molecules
Phospholipid head group
Glycerol molecule

30
Q

70-75% of total phospholipid in the body

A

Phosphatidylcholine

31
Q

18-20% of total phospholipids in the body

A

Sphingomyelin

32
Q

3-6% of total phospholipids in the body

A

Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylethanolamine

33
Q

4-9% of total phospholipids in the body

A

Lysophosphatidylcholine

34
Q

Components of phospholipid head group

A

Choline
Inositol
Serine
Ethanolamine

35
Q

Characteristic of phospholipid head group

A

Hydrophilic

36
Q

Two fatty acids in phospholipid

A

1 saturated fatty acid
1 unsaturated fatty acid

37
Q

Characteristic of phospholipid bilayer

A

Polar and nonpolar region

38
Q

Phospholipid can be found in the lungs as what substance?

A

Surfactant

39
Q

Detected in what bodily fluid during fetal lung maturity test?

A

Amniotic fluid

40
Q

Considered as the building blocks of lipids

A

Fatty acids

41
Q

Structure of fatty acids

A

Hydrocarbon chains with terminal COOH group

42
Q

What can be usually found in triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol

A

Fatty acids

43
Q

What form can fatty acids take in plasma

A

Free fatty acids

44
Q

What protein does the majority of free fatty acids bind to

45
Q

3 Forms of fatty acids

A

Saturated fatty acid
Unsaturated fatty acid
Trans fatty acid

46
Q

What fatty acid has no double bonds

A

Saturated fatty acids

47
Q

Fatty acid with double bond/s (cis form)

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

48
Q

Fatty acid with double bond/s (trans form)

A

Trans fatty acid

49
Q

Function of lipoproteins

A

Transport lipids

50
Q

What protein transports lipids

A

Lipoproteins

51
Q

4 Normal Lipoproteins

A

Chylomicron
Very Low Density Lipoproteins
Low Density Lipoproteins
High Density Lipoproteins

52
Q

Largest and lightest (lowest density)
Lipoprotein

A

Chylomicron

53
Q

What lipoprotein transports exogenous triglycerides

A

Chylomicron

54
Q

What triglycerides are derived from diet

A

Exogenous triglycerides

55
Q

Remains in the origin during electrophoresis due to having no charge

A

Chylomicron

56
Q

Causes non-fasting lipemia

A

Chylomicron

57
Q

Pre-beta lipoprotein

A

Very Low Density Lipoprotein

58
Q

Transports endogenous triglycerides

A

Very Low Density Lipoprotein

59
Q

What triglyceride is produced by the body

A

Endogenous triglyceride

60
Q

Known as the bad cholesterol

A

Low Density Lipoprotein

61
Q

Beta lipoprotein

A

Low density Lipoprotein

62
Q

Transports majority (75%) of the cholesterol from the liver throughout the body

A

Low density lipoprotein

63
Q

What are the possible clinical complications of one who has high levels of LDL

A

Atherosclerosis
Coronary Heart Disease

64
Q

Smallest and heaviest lipoprotein

A

High density lipoprotein

65
Q

What lipoprotein has the highest lipid content

A

Chylomicron

66
Q

Arrange from least to most the lipoproteins in regards to their protein content

A

Chylomicron-VLDL-LDL-HDL

67
Q

What transport mechanism is HDL capable of

A

Reverse cholesterol transport (from cells to liver)

68
Q

Arrange in increasing order the lipoproteins in regards to distance travelled during electrophoresis

A

Chylomicrons-VLDL-LDL-HDL

69
Q

Good cholesterol

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