Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Structure & Function 1 > Lipids Building Blocks > Flashcards

Lipids Building Blocks Flashcards

1
Q

Define a biological lipid

A

Biological compound that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; hydrophobic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Arachidonic acid derivatives

A

-Prostaglandins: Mucosal production, inflammation and fever
-Thromboxanes: formation of blood clots
- Leukotrienes: smooth muscle contraction in lungs and inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chylomicrons

A

Triglycerides are digested into fatty acids and monoacylglycerol in SI
Reformed in enterocytes
Packaged into chylomicrons
Enter lymphatic system- become chyle fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fats as fuel storage

A

Triglycerides are stored in adipose tissue ( formed of adipocytes)
Used for energy during times of fasting or starvation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lipolysis in adipocytes

A

Breakdown of stored TAGs to FAs and glycerol
Induced by several hormones (glucagon, epinephrine and cortisol)
FAs and glycerol transported to blood by other organs; skeletal and cardiac muscles and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why can’t brain use fatty acids for energy?

A

Fatty acids cannot cross the blood brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Beta-oxidation

A

FAs are metabolised via beta-oxidation
Occurs in the mitochondria
FAs can’t cross the mitochondrial double membrane
Transported by the carnitine shuttle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Carnitine shuttle process

A

1) FA bound to CoA- fatty acyl CoA
2) CoA exchanged for carnitine- acyl carnitine
3) Acyl carnitine translocated by facilitated diffusion
4) Carnitine on acyl carnitine exchanged for CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ketogenesis

A

Excess acetyl CoA converted into ketones
Acetoacetate and B-hydroxybutyrate can be used by brain and muscles as secondary energy source
Acetone has no metabolic function; excreted in breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of glycerophospholipids

A

-PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE: most common phospholipid in plasma membrane
-PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-4,5-BIPHOSPHATE: involved in cell signalling
-CARDIOLIPIN: found in cardiac tissue & mitochondria, biomarker for apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sphingolipids

A

Similar to phospholipids; only one fatty acid
FA linked to sphingosine NOT glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sphingomyelin structure

A

Consists of:
Phosphocholine head
Sphingosine
A fatty acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sphingomyelin function

A

Found in myelin sheath- action potential and transduction
Involved in apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of steroid hormones

A

-Sex Hormones
-Cortisol
-Aldosterone
-Steroid drugs
-Brassinolide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bile Acids

A

Biological detergents
Detergent: solubilises lipids and makes them water soluble
Breaks fats into micelles to aid digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

A

Vitamins A, D, E & K

17
Q

Which vitamins are water soluble?

A

Vitamins B & C

18
Q

Vitamin D

A

Fat soluble
Synthesis involves skin, liver & kidney
Needed for calcium absorption from SI

19
Q

Vitamin A (retinol)

A

Fat soluble
Produced from B-carotene
Converted to 11-cis-retinal which can be converted to retinoic acid
Retinoic acid important in gene transcription in embryological development

20
Q

Vitamin E

A

Fat soluble
Protects FAs in cell membranes from oxidation

21
Q

Vitamin K

A

Fat soluble- hydrophobic
Co-factor in blood coagulation pathway
enzyme: Vit K-dependent carboxylase

22
Q

Why are water soluble vitamins NOT toxic at high doses when others are?

A

Can be easily extracted by the kidneys
Fat soluble vitamins need to be converted to a more hydrophilic product for excretion

23
Q

Waxes: structure and function

A

Two components joined by an ester bond
- long chain fatty acid
- long chain alcohol
Functions:
- Waterproofing
- Beeswax
- Protection of hair and skin

24
Q

Lipoprotein pathway

A
  • Transports fatty acids and cholesterol
  • Protein shell allows solubility
  • Higher cholesterol content
  • Named by triglycerol density; VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL
25
Q

LIPOGENESIS

A

Synthesis of fatty acids
- excess glucose is converted into fatty acids and TAGs for long-term storage in adipocytes
- Acetyl CoA from glycolysis and pyruvate
- NADPH required
- Occurs in the liver mainly
- TAGs are exported from liver as VLDL

25
Q

LIPOGENESIS

A

Synthesis of fatty acids
- excess glucose is converted into fatty acids and TAGs for long-term storage in adipocytes
- Acetyl CoA from glycolysis and pyruvate
- NADPH required
- Occurs in the liver mainly
- TAGs are exported from liver as VLDL

Structure & Function 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions