Lipids and Proteins Flashcards
When should chylomicrons be found in plasma?
VLDL are major carrier of what?
IDL’s carry?
LDLs?
HDLs?
Post prandial
VLDL: Tgs
IDL: Tgs and cholesterol
LDL: Cholesterol
HDL: REVERSE cholesterol carrier
Where are chylo’s made (exogenous/ feeding)?
LPL cleaves chylo’s to?
Then they go where?
Endogenous LDL pathway (fasting)?
What ends up causing foam cells?
Intestine then LPL (lipoprotein lipase)–> chylomicron remnants–> liver LDL-R
Free fatty acid and monoglycerated acids
Endo: LIver–> VLDL–LPL–>IDL—–Liver LDL-R
or IDL–Hepatic Lipase–>LDL—-LDL-R; some LDL gets oxidized and needs scavenger receptors
NON-HDL cholesterol measurement equation?
What abetalipproteninemia is in intestines, liver?
Really low VLDL and LDL can be a sign of?
Risk for atherosclerosis (LDL-C + IDL-C + VLDL-C); can be measured non-fasting
Apo B 48, Apo B 100
Liver disease
Increased’s are increases in some or all of what types of molecules?
Increased LDL’s increase in?
In crease in Tg and LDL-C?
Tg: Chylo’s (HLP I; Rare), VLDLs (HLP IV, common), or both (V)
LDL-c: LDL (IIA, common)
LDL-C and Tg: LDL and VLDLs (IIB/ common), IDL and remnant LP’s (III, Rare)
Presentation of hyperchyloiconemia?
3 types (hint what carries and breaks down chylo’s)?
Tgs>1000
LPL deficiecney; Auto recessive, 1e6; Infant onset
Apo CII deficiency: Ligand for LPL, Auto recessive; child onset
SLE: Acuired; Auto ab to LPL
Increased VLDLs caused by (Genetic; type IV))?
Aquired?
Insulin resistance (receptor mutation or lipodystrophy); Familal hyertriglyceridemia (Apo B increase)
Inborn errors
Acquired: Many; Insulin resistance, Obesity, Disbetes, cushings, Pheo, steroid, liver/renal disease, and MORE!
Causes of high LDL (Mono Genetic)?
Mongenic: Familial hypercholsteroma (**LDL receptor defect)**, **Famialiay hyperapo-B-lipoproteinemia (LDL receptor ligand)**
Famalial combined hyperlipidemia
AR familial hypercholesteromia
PCSK9 gain of function (LDL receptor protein that brings it into cell from surface)
High LDL (acquired)?
Liver disease, renal disease, hypothyroidism, Diabetes, glucorticoids and androgens
Familail hyerpap-B-lipproteinemia has what increased?
Rare type III increased IDL and rem LP and causes?
LDL but not VLDL
Apo E2/E2 homozygous; caused by Ethanol, DM, Renal, Liver
What is abetalipoproteinemia red cell finding?
Labs, Tg, Chol, VLDL, LDL, HDL?
What age does it present?
Acantocytes (non sym. projections)
Tg, Chol, LDL, VLDL low; HDL perserved
In infants as failure to thrive
What IL drives acute phase reactants?
Some positive acute phase reactants?
Negative acute phase reactants (down in concentration)?
IL-6
C3, CRP, A1AT, A2M, Ceruloplasmin, Fibrinogen, VIIII, VwF, Haptoglobin
Negative: Albumin, Transhtyretin (pre-albumin/nutritional marker), Retinol binding protein, transferrin
What causes decrease in total protein?
What causes increase in total protein?
Hypolabuminemia, hypogamma., panhypoprotenemia
Increased: Dehydration, poly/mono gammopathy, prolonged tourniquet time
On protein gel what runs in pre-albumin ?
Pre-Albumin: Retinol-binding protein (vit A transporter) and Transthyretin (T4 transport); Maybe seen in CSF
Alpha - 1 region proteins/functions?
Decreased in?
A1AT- protease inhibitor
HDL- Reverse cholesterol transport
TBG- T3, T4 transport
CBG (transcortin): cortisol
Orosomucoprotein. Alpha-1-glycoprotein: immune response modifier
Prothrombin: plasma protein
Decreased: A1AT def. HDL defic
Inc: Acute inflammation
A1AT deficiency casues liver damage by?
Lung damage from?
Protein name?
Genotypes?
Failure to export protein (unless null)
Inability to inhibit elastase
- *SERPIN1**
- *MM: normal**
MZ: asymptomatic
ZZ: disease
