Lipids and Membrane

Question 1

What are glycerophospholipids?

Answer 1

Glycerol based phospholipids.

Question 2

What are the polar head groups for phospholipids?

Answer 2

Serine, Ethanolamine, Inositol, Chloine

Question 3

What are triacylglycerols?

Answer 3

Dietary storage lipids such as triglycerol.

They form droplets in water or aqueous environments.

Question 4

What is the structure of inositol?

Answer 4

https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/2974/4074/products/Myo-inositol_1024x1024@2x.jpg?v=1569246323

Question 5

What is the structure of choline?

Answer 5

http://www.ymdb.ca/compounds/YMDB00227

Question 6

What is the structure of ethanolamine?

Answer 6

https://assets.fishersci.com/TFS-Assets/CCG/Chemical-Structures/chemical-structure-cas-141-43-5.jpg-650.jpg

Question 7

What is the structure of Serine?

Answer 7

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/structure2/130/mfcd00064224.eps/_jcr_content/renditions/mfcd00064224-medium.png

Question 8

What are sphingosines?

Answer 8

Sphingosines are glycolipids. They form the backbone of sphinolipids which form the membranes of the central nervous system.

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?cid=5280335&t=l

Question 9

What are cerebrosides?

Answer 9

Cerebrosides is the common name for a group of sphingolipids. These form the membranes for the brain cell membrane

https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/3-s2.0-B9780128035504000057-f05-11-9780128035504.jpg?_

Question 10

What are gangliosides?

Answer 10

Based on sphingosine, except it has a oligosaccharide head group instead of a phosphate group.

Question 11

What is the composition of palmitic acid?

Answer 11

C16, no kinks

https://alchetron.com/cdn/palmitic-acid-2d171d61-5b0a-4505-b681-e6d084fb08d-resize-750.jpg

Question 12

What is the composition of stearic acid?

Answer 12

C18, no kinks

https://alchetron.com/cdn/stearic-acid-c0d052b7-a4ed-42a9-b3b7-03f171ba60f-resize-750.png

Question 13

What is the composition of oleic acid?

Answer 13

C18, kink after 8th carbon

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Oleic-acid-based-on-xtal-1997-2D-skeletal.png/375px-Oleic-acid-based-on-xtal-1997-2D-skeletal.png

Question 14

What is the composition of linoleic acid?

Answer 14

C18, double bond after 9th and 12th carbon

http://www.chemspider.com/ImagesHandler.ashx?id=4444105&w=250&h=250

Question 15

What is the composition of linolenic acid?

Answer 15

C18, double bond after 9th, 12th and 15th carbon

http://www.chemspider.com/ImagesHandler.ashx?id=4444437&w=250&h=250

Question 16

Why do membranes form a sphere?

Answer 16

It is energetically favourable for membrane to form a sphere. This is because if it was flat, there would be exposed fatty acid tails. In a sphere, there are no exposed fatty acid tails.

Question 17

What is cholesterols role in membrane fluidity?

Answer 17

At higher temperatures, it stiffens the membrane by filling space between fatty acids.
At lower temperatures, it increases fluidity by preventing fatty acid tails packing too closely.
Essentially it maintains a certain range of fluidity that otherwise would be drastically larger.

Question 18

Why are glycolipids mainly on the outside of the membrane?

Answer 18

They are antigens so must be on the outside.

Question 19

What does the word ‘amphipathic’ mean?

Answer 19

A molecule that exhibits hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

Question 20

What is the steroid template?

Answer 20

The basis for all steroid hormones and sterol lipids.

Question 21

What does the steroid template look like?

Answer 21

https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-53506901e76e161c5913f8a86f5516d6

Question 22

What is the structure of cholesterol?

Answer 22

https://www.getroman.com/romanhood/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ro-graphic-cholesterol-1024x706.png