Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemical Pathology Wits > Lipids and Lipoproteins > Flashcards

Lipids and Lipoproteins Flashcards

1
Q

Define lipids

A

Diverse group of organic compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the lipid classes?

A
  1. Fatty acids
  2. Triglycerides
  3. Cholesterol
  4. Complex lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you classify fatty acids?

A
  1. Length
  2. Saturation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long is a short length fatty acid?

A

<6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long is a medium length fatty acid?

A

6-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How long is a long length fatty acid?

A

13-21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long is a very long length fatty acid?

A

> /= 22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the correct name of triglycerides?

A

Triacylglycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an acyl?

A

Derived by removal of >1 hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid
Contains a double bonded oxygen atom and an alkyl group (R-C=O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a glycerol?

A

Triol with 3 hydroxy groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name examples of cholesterol based structures

A

Vitamin D
Hormones
Bile acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name complex lipids

A
  1. Phospholipids
  2. Sphingolipids
  3. Saccharolipids
  4. Eicosanoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A
  1. Metabolic fuel source
  2. Energy storage
  3. Hormones or precursors
  4. Components of cell membranes
  5. Nerve insulation for conduction
  6. Heat loss prevention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the functions of cholesterol?

A
  1. Structural component of membranes
  2. Precursor for bile acid synthesis
  3. Precursor for steroid synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of fatty acids?

A

Energy source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of triglycerides?

A

Energy storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of phospholipids?

A

Structural component of membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of eicosanoids?

A

Blood coagulation
Bronchial contractility
Vascular contractility
Reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of sphingolipids?

A

CNS
Blood group substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of vitamin A?

A

Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of vitamin D?

A
  1. Calcium homeostasis
  2. Bone integrity maintenance
  3. Immunomaturation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of vitamin E?

A
  1. Neural function
  2. Antioxidant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of vitamin K?

A

Activation of clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are classes of lipoproteins based on?

A

Size
Lipid composition
Apolipoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name the classes of lipoproteins

A

Chylomicrons
Chylomicron remnants
Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)
Intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL)
Low density lipoproteins (LDL)
High density lipoproteins (HDL)
Lp (a)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the function of chylomicrons?

A

Deliver fatty acids (FA) to muscle and adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the function of chylomicron remnants?

A

Deliver dietary cholesterol to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the function of VLDL?

A

Deliver FA attached to TG from liver synthesis to muscle and adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the function of LDL?

A

Deliver cholesterol from liver synthesis to various tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the function of HDL?

A

Collect (scavenge) cholesterol from non-hepatic tissues and deliver to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which lipoproteins have A-1 apolipoprotein?

A

HDL
Chylomicrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the function of A-1?

A

Activate LCAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the site of expression of A-1?

A

Liver
Intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which lipoproteins have A-2 apolipoprotein?

A

HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the function of A-2?

A

Unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the site of expression of A-2?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which lipoproteins have B-48 apolipoprotein?

A

Chylomicrons

38
Q

What is the function of B-48?

A

Secretion of chylomicrons and uptake of chylomicron remnants in the liver
LDL receptor binding

39
Q

What is the site of expression of B-48?

A

Intestine

40
Q

Which lipoproteins have B-100 apolipoprotein?

A

VLDL
IDL
LDL

41
Q

What is the function of B-100?

A

VLDL secretion
LDL uptake

42
Q

What is the site of expression of B-100?

A

Liver

43
Q

Which lipoproteins have C-1 apolipoprotein?

A

HDL
VLDL
Chylomicrons

44
Q

What is the function of C-1?

A

Inhibits uptake of lipoproteins by hepatic receptors
Activates LCAT
Inhibits CETP

45
Q

What is the site of expression of C-1?

A

Liver

46
Q

Which lipoproteins have C-2 apolipoprotein?

A

HDL
VLDL
Chylomicrons

47
Q

What is the function of C-2?

A

Activates LPL

48
Q

What is the site of expression of C-2?

A

Liver

49
Q

Which lipoproteins have C-3 apolipoprotein?

A

HDL
VLDL
Chylomicrons

50
Q

What is the function of C-3?

A

Inhibits LPL

51
Q

What is the site of expression of C-3?

A

Liver

52
Q

Which lipoproteins have D apolipoprotein?

A

HDL

53
Q

What is the function of apolipoprotein D?

A

Unknown

54
Q

Where is apolipoprotein D expressed?

A
  1. Adrenals
  2. Pancreas
  3. Kidneys
  4. Placenta
  5. Spleen
  6. Brain
  7. Gonads
  8. Lungs
  9. CSF
  10. Peripheral nerves
55
Q

Which lipoproteins have E apolipoprotein?

A

IDL
Chylomicron remnants

56
Q

What is the function of apolipoprotein E?

A

Uptake of lipoproteins in cells
Remnant receptor binding

57
Q

What is the site of expression of apolipoprotein E?

A

Liver

58
Q

Which lipid has the lowest density?

A

Chylomicrons

59
Q

Where are chylomicrons assembled?

A

Small intestine

60
Q

Chylomicrons contain which apolipoproteins?

A
  1. B-48
  2. C2
  3. E
  4. A1
61
Q

Discuss the assembly of chylomicrons

A
62
Q

Which apolipoproteins are present in nascent chylomicrons?

A

B48

63
Q

Which apolipoproteins are present in mature chylomicrons?

A

B48
C2
E

64
Q

Which apolipoprotein is removed to turn a mature chylomicron into a chylomicron remnant?

A

C2

65
Q

Where is VLDL synthesised?

A

Liver

66
Q

VLDL contain which apolipoproteins?

A

B100
C2
E

67
Q

IDL contain which apolipoproteins?

A

B100
E

68
Q

LDL contain which apolipoproteins?

A

B100

69
Q

HDL contain which apolipoproteins?

A

A1
C2
E

70
Q

What is lipoprotein (a)?

A

LDL particle with apolipoprotein (a) attached to B100 via a disulphide bond

71
Q

Is lipoprotein (a) anti or pro atherogenic?

A

Pro-atherogenic

72
Q

Why is lipoprotein (a) pro-atherogenic?

A

Homologue of plasminogen
- inhibits fibrinolysis
- enhances macrophage uptake of lipoproteins

73
Q

Which apolipoproteins does the LDL receptor recognise?

A

B100
E

74
Q

What is the function of the LDL receptor?

A

Uptake of
- LDL
- IDL
- chylomicron remnants

75
Q

What is the role of PCSK9?

A

Binding to LDLR promotes lysosomal degradation of LDLR

76
Q

Which apolipoproteins does the LDL receptor related protein (LRP) recognise?

A

E

77
Q

What is the function of class B scavenger receptor B1 (SR B1)?

A
  1. Selective uptake of cholesterol esters from HDL
  2. Efflux of cholesterol from cell to HDL
78
Q

What is the function of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 (ABCA1)?

A

Transport of cholesterol and phospholipids from cell to pre-beta-HDL

79
Q

What is the function of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter G1 (ABCG1)?

A

Efflux of cholesterol from cell to HDL

80
Q

What is the function of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter G5 and G8?

A

Intestine
- movement of plant sterols and cholesterol from enterocyte back into lumen
Liver
- movement of plant sterols and cholesterol into bile

81
Q

What is the function of Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1)?

A

Uptake of cholesterol and plant sterols from intestinal lumen into enterocytes

82
Q

What is the function of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL)?

A

Hydrolyse triglycerides carried in chylomicrons and VLDL to fatty acids

83
Q

What is a co-factor of LPL?

A

Apo C2

84
Q

What are the inhibitors of LPL?

A

Apo A2
Apo C3

85
Q

What is the function of hepatic lipase?

A

Hydrolysis of triglycerides and phospholipids in LDL, IDL and HDL

86
Q

What is the function of endothelial lipase?

A

Hydrolyse phospholipids in HDL

87
Q

What is the function of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)?

A
  1. Catalyse synthesis of cholesterol esters in HDL
  2. Transfer of cholesterol from surface of HDL to core
  3. Creates gradient for free cholesterol uptake
88
Q

What is the function of Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)?

A

Catalyse formation of cholesterol esters from cholesterol and long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A

89
Q

Does ACAT function intracellular or extracellular?

A

Intracellular

90
Q

What is the function of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)?

A
  1. Transfer of cholesterol esters from HDL to VLDL, chylomicrons and LDL
  2. Transfer of triglycerides from VLDL and chylomicrons to HDL
91
Q
A

Chemical Pathology Wits (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions