LIPIDS and LIPOPROTEINS Flashcards
basically fats
lipids
major class of dietary lipids
Triglycerides
lipids that are solid at RT
Fats
lipids that are liquid at RT
Oils
constituent of cell membranes
Phospholipids
forms of Phospholipids with percentage
- 70% Lecithin/Phosphatidyl choline
- 20% Sphingomyelin
- 10% Cephalin
precursor of steroid hormones
Cholesterol
not used for energy
cholesterol
building blocks of lipids
fatty acids
bound to the proteins which allow fats to move through the water in and out of cells
Lipoproteins
most dense to least lipoprotein
HDL > LDL > VLDL
Heaviest to lightest based on molecular weight
Chylomicron > VLDL > LDL > HDL
Components of Chylomicron
- 85-92% TAG
- 6-12% Phospholipids
- 1-3% Cholesterol
- 1-2% Proteins
this is the responsible for POST-PRANDIAL TURBIDITY of sample
chylomicron
Types of Lipoproteins
- Chylomicron
- VLDL
- IDL
- LDL
- HDL
responsible for FASTING HYPERLIPIDEMIC TURBIDITY of sample
VLDL
Second highest TAG content
VLDL
VDLD remnant
IDL
- transports TAGS, fats and cholesterol
- promote the growth of atheroma
IDL
products of VLDL and IDL metabolism
LDL
most cholesterol-rich
LDL
aka BAD CHOLESTEROL
LDL
phospholipid is the main lipidic content
HDL
aka GOOD CHOLESTEROL
HDL
synthesized in the liver and intestine
HDL
smallest and densest lipoprotein
HDL
proteins that bind lipids to form lipoprotein
Apolipoproteins
serve as enzyme cofactors and receptor ligands
apolipoproteins
LP Carried: Activator of LCAT for esterification
Apo A-1
LP Carried: Chylomicrons
Apo B-48
LP Carried: Lipemia clearing factor
Apo C-II
LP Carried: Activates LPL, targets TAG and removes CM after meal
Apo C-II
LP Carried: Increased in Alzheimer’s Dx
Apo E
Lipid Storage Diseases: Accumulation of sphingomyelin in the
bone marrow, spleen and lymph
nodes
NIEMANN-PICK
DISEASE
Lipid Storage Disease: orange or yellow discoloration of tonsils and pharynx
TANGIER’S
DISEASE
Lipid Storage Disease:
- Deficiency of hexosaminidase A
- Accumulation of sphingolipids in the
brain
TAY-SACH’S
DISEASE
Lipid Storage Disease: Chylomicron-retention disease
ANDERSON’S
DISEASE
Lipid Storage Diseases: Plant sterols absorbed and accumulated in the blood and tissues
SITOSTEROLEMIA
not affected by fasting
Cholesterol determination
Specimen used
Serum or Plasma EDTA
Cholesterol Measurement : Old reference method
Abell- Kendall Method
3 step method of Abell-Kendall
Saponification - Extraction - Colorimetry
end product and color of Abell-Kendall Method
Cholestadienyl monosulfuric acid , GREEN
Cholesterol Measurement: Current reference method
Abell, Levey, Brody Method
reagents used and end color
Libermann-Burchard rgt + KOH and alcoholic hexane , GREEN
4 step method of Sperry Method
Saponification - Extraction - Colorimetry - Purification with digitonide
end product and end color of Salkowski Method
Cholestadienyl disulfuric acid, RED
Cholesterol Measurement: most commonly used
Enzymatic Method
interferences of Enzymatic Method
ascorbate, hemoglobin, bilirubin
Cholesterol Measurement: Definitive Method
Isotope Dilution/Mass spectrometry
Triglycerid Measurement: Colorimetric Method
Van Handel & Zilversmit Method
Reagent and End Color for Van Handel & Zilversmit Method
Chromotropic acid , BLUE
Triglyceride Measurement: Colorimetric Method and Reference Method
Modified Van Handel & Zilversmit Method
Reagent and End Color for Modified Van Handle & Zilversmit Method
Sulphuric Acid and Salicylic Acid, PINK
Triglyceride Measurement: Fluorometric Method
Hantzsch Method
Reagent and End Color for Hantzsch Method
Acetylacetone (diacetyl acetone) , YELLOW
Lipoprotein Analysis : Reference Method and is measure in Svedverg units
Ultracentrifugation
Reagent for Ultracentrifugation
Potassium bromide with 1.063 density
Ultracentrifugation: Floating Layer
Chylomicron, VLDL
Ultracentrifugation: Sinking Layer
LDL, HDL
Preferred Gel for Electrophoresis
agarose gel
Electrophoresis: from origin to the most anodal
Chylomicron, LDL, VLDL, HDL
