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Biochemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

as carbon length increases…

A

melting point also increases

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2
Q

the greater the unsaturated FA chains…

A

the greater the reduction of the melting point

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3
Q

long chain saturated fatty acid is ____ at room temperature

A

solid

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4
Q

example of long saturated FA

A

margarine, butter

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5
Q

long chain unsaturated fatty acid is _____ at room temperature

A

liquid

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6
Q

example of long unsaturated FA

A

vegetable oil
corn oil
olive oil

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7
Q

organic compounds in living organisms that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents

A

LIPIDS

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8
Q

solvents that lipids dissolve in

A

benzene
chloroform
ether

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9
Q

elements found in lipids

A

CHO - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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10
Q

what are the smallest molecules that make lipids?

A

glycerol

3 fatty acids

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11
Q

glycerol composition

A

3 carbons

3 OH-groups

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12
Q

any molecules with carboxyl group (-COOH) are considered _____.

A

acids

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13
Q

acids w/ very long hydrocarbon chains attached

A

fatty acids

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14
Q

what kind of reaction creates triglyceride lipid?

A

triple condensation bond

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15
Q

what holds together triglyceride lipid?

A

3 esther bonds

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16
Q

triglyceride lipid composition

A

3 fatty acids + glycerol

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17
Q

FAtty Acid characteristics

A
  • unbranched carbon chain
  • even number of carbon atoms in carbon chain
  • cis configuration double bonds
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18
Q

cis configuration

A

acyl chains are on same side of bond

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19
Q

trans configuration

A

acyl chains are on opposite side of bond

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20
Q

example of trans configuration

A

elaidic acid - remains straight - due to presence of acyl chains on opposite side of bond

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21
Q

hydrogenation of fatty acids produce _____.

A

trans fatty acids

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22
Q

what is the effect of frequent use of the same oil when cooking?

A

accumulation of trans fatty acids in oil due to hydrogenation (addition of H2O)

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23
Q

trans FAs increase risk of

A

CVD and DM

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24
Q

normal recommended DAILY dietary intake of carbs, fats, proteins,

saturated, transfat

A

above 50% - carbs
30-35% - fats
10-15% - proteins

combined saturated and transfat MUST be less than 10%

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25
Q

short chain FA

A

C4-C6

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26
Q

MEDIUM CHAIN FA

A

C8-C10

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27
Q

LONG CHAIN FA

A

C12-C26

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28
Q

examples of simple FAs

A

neutral fats, oils

waxes - lanolin, beeswax,carnauba, sperm whale oil, synthetic spermaceti

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29
Q

classification of fatty acid that contains prosthetic groups in addition to alcohol and fat

A

complex FA

30
Q

subclassifications of complex FAs according to their prosthetic groups

A

phospholipid

glycolipids

other complex lipids - lipoproteins, sulfolipids, amino lipids

31
Q

phospholipids composition

A

(2) fatty acids, alcohol, lipids + PHOSPHORIC ACID RESIDUE

nitrogen-containing bases

32
Q

examples of phospholipids

A

glycerophospholipids

sphingophospholipids

33
Q

cardiolipin

A

diphosphatidylglycerol

34
Q

cephalins

A

phosphatadylethanolamine

35
Q

lecithin

A

phosphatidylcholines

36
Q

main constituent of membrane

A

phospholipids

37
Q

most abundant phospholipids of cell membrane

A

phosphatidylcholine

38
Q

choline plays a role in…

A

nervous transmission

39
Q

what is the major constituent of surfactant in lungs?

A

dipalmitoyl lecithin

40
Q

precursor of second messengers (i.e calcium)

A

phosphatidylinositol

41
Q

major lipid of mitochondrial membranes

A

diphosphatidylglycerol

42
Q

glycolipids composition

A

FA + alcohol[sphingosine) + carb w/ nitrogen base

DO NOT CONTAIN PHOSPHATE

glycosphingolipids

43
Q

lipids mostly found in the brain and is believed to play an important role in growth of brain in infants

A

glycolipids

44
Q

in what part of plasma membrane can we find glycolipids?

A

outer leaflet of plasma membrane

45
Q

examples of glycolipids

A

galactoceramides
glucosylceramides
gangliosides
cerebrosides

46
Q

major glycolipids of brain/nervous tissue

A

galactosylceramides

47
Q

lipids found in extraneural tissues

A

glucosylceramides

48
Q

complex glycosphingolipids derived from glucosylceramide + sialic acid

A

ganglioside

49
Q

type of FAs that contain bonds

A

unsaturated fatty acids

50
Q

fatty acids with one double bond

A

monounsaturated FAs

51
Q

FAs w/ 2 or more double bonds

A

polyunsaturated FAs

52
Q

FAs w/ NO double bonds

A

saturated FAs (all carbon molecules are saturated w/ hydrogen molecules)

53
Q

composed of 20-carbon polyenoic FAs

A

eicosanoids

54
Q

eicosanoids are precursors to

A

prostanoids (prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes), leukotrienes, lipoxins

important inflammatory agents

55
Q

what is the omega-6-fatty acid?

A

linoleic acid (18:2)

56
Q

what is the omega-3-fatty acid?

A

alpha-linolenic acid (18:3)

57
Q

what essential PUFA is important in premature babies and can be formed from linoleic acid?

A

arachidonic acid

58
Q

what foods are high in unsaturated fats?

A

plants

59
Q

what foods are high in saturated fats?

A

animals

60
Q

fat content of tree nuts and peanuts

A

strong protective effect against CHD

antioxidant vits, minerals, plant fiber protein
low carb

61
Q

fats serve as surfactants by?

A

reducing surface tension

62
Q

FAs that are slightly soluble in water

A

short chain FAs

63
Q

why are long chain FAs insoluble?

A

presence of nonpolar hydrocarbon chain

64
Q

why are long chain saturated FAs solid at RT?

A

greater intermolecular attractions b/w fatty acid molecules

65
Q

why are long chain unsaturated FAs liquid at RT?

A

decreases molecular attractions b/w carbon chains

66
Q

main storage forms of FAs

A

triglycerides (esters of trihydric alcohol glycerol and FA)

67
Q

what is the major constituent of plasma membrane and plasma lipoproteins?

A

cholesterol

68
Q

precursor to a large number of steroids?

A

cholesterol

69
Q

richest sources of dietary cholesterol

A

egg yolk, mayonnaise, shell fish

70
Q

cholesterol free sources

A 
all veggies
vegetable oils
fruits
nuts
rice
egg white
sugar

Biochemistry (8 decks)

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