Lipids Flashcards
Lipids are ____ _____ molecules that are insoluble in polar solvents like water
Non polar
They are created through the process of __________ synthesis and contain carbon,hydrogen and oxygen
Dehydration
Vitamins _____,______ and ______ will only dissolve in fat.
A,D,E
What are the 4 types of lipids
Fats and oils
Phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes
What are the two subunits of fat and oils
The first is the glycerol backbone and the second is the fatty acid chain
Lacking any of the ________ ________ _______ will lead to skin lesions, poor ______ growth and a low ______ rate
Essentially fatty acids,hair, growth
The fatty acid chain can be _________ or __________
Saturated or unsaturated
Unsaturated = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Saturated= \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
No bonds, single bond
Try here is a bend at the location of each _____ bond
Double
Unsaturated fat can be _______________ and can also be _____________ with more than one double bond
Monosaturated, polyunsaturated
________ fats are created in factories
Trans
Hydrogenated fats are created via the process of _________
Hydrogenation
Polyunsaturated ___________ oil is blasted with __________ atoms and the double bonds are removed as ________ atoms are forced into the carbon backbone forming a trans fat
Vegetable,hydrogen,hydrogen
A fat or ____ results when a glycerol molecule combined with ____,_____,______fatty acids to form a mono,do,triglyceride
Oils,1,2,3
The most common are __________
Triglycerides
What are the two types of essential fatty acids
Omega 3,Omega 6
What percentage of people do not enough omega 3’s
99%
What is the consumptions ratio of omega 6’s to omega 3’s
15TBSP of omega 6’s and one TBSP of omega 3’s
What types of oils are providing us with omega 6’s and what type of food products are they typically found in
Vegatable oils such as corn and soy oil, used in processed food which is where we get most of our omega 6’s
What type of bond links the carbon molecules together in the backbone
The type of bond is single.
How many bonds must a carbon atom make
4
What “state” of matter does a saturated fat take at room temperature
Solids
What “state” of matter does an unsaturated fat take at room temperature
Liquids
What types of oils/food contain monounsaturated fats
Olive,canola,soybean oil
How do polyunsaturated fats differ from monounsaturated fats
Contains multiple carbon atoms with only one hydrogen atom and more than one double bond between carbons in the molecule
How does a cis fat become a trans fat
Extra hydrogen atoms are added to the polyunsaturated fat
These extra hydrogen atoms break the double bond between some of the carbon
They then attach to the “unsaturated” carbon atoms
The difference between trans and cis fat
With trans , the hydrogen of the fatty acid chain on the opposite side of the chain. Cis fat contains the both hydrogen in one side of the fatty acid chain
How does the new arrangement of hydrogen atoms affect the shape and texture of the unsaturated fat
The shape is straight and the texture is solid
Heart attack strikes once every _____ seconds in North America
34
What is the prime suspect for heart attacks
Cholesterol
What are two big sources of cholesterol
Eggs and shellfish
Statin doesn’t prevent 60% to 80% of what
Cardiac events
How many double bonds along the carbon backbone does a monosaturated fat have
1
The difference between trans and natural trans fats
Natural trans fats are different and does not increase your risk of heart disease
Phospholipid diagram (top to bottom)
Polar head,phosphate head(on the right), unsaturated fatty acid chain (right side), saturated fatty acid chain (left side), non polar lipid tail (bottom)
Wax’s are long obtained fatty acid which are combined with a long chained ______
Alcohol
They are _______ in water
Insoluble
They provide a water _____ layer for leaves,______,feathers and _____ amongst other things
Proof,fruit,fur
