Lipids

Question 1

which phospholipid has X=OH (attached to their phosphate)

Answer 1

phosphatidic acid

Question 2

which phospholipid has X=O-CH2-CH2-NH2

attached to their phosphate

Answer 2

phosphatidylethanolamine (like cephalin)

Question 3

which phospholipid has X=O-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH

attached to their phosphate

Answer 3

phosphatidylserine

Question 4

Which phospholipid as a sugar attached at the phosphate

Answer 4

phosphatidylinositol

Question 5

which phospholipid has X=O-CH2-CH2-N+(CH2)3

attached to their phosphate

Answer 5

phosphatidylcholine (like lecithin)

Question 6

what is this hydrocarbon: CH2=C(CH3)−CH=CH2

Answer 6

isoprene

Question 7

terpenes classes

Answer 7

1. Monoterpenes (2 isoprene units, 10C)
   
   2. Sesquiterpenes (3, 15C)
   3. Diterpenes (4, 20C)
   4. Sesterterpenes (5, 25C)
   5. Triterpenes (6, 30C)

Question 8

Systematic and common name of 4:0, 6:0, 8:0 and 10:0

Answer 8

Butanoic acid, butyric acid
Hexanoic acid, caproic acid
Octanoic acid, caprylic acid
Decanoic acid, capric acid

Question 9

Systematic and common name of 12:0, 14:0, 16: and 18:0

Answer 9

Dodecanoid acid, lauric acid
Tetradecanoic, myristic acid
Hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid
Octadecanoic acid, stearic acid

Question 10

Systematic and common name of 20:0, 22:0, 24:0, 26:0

Answer 10

Eicosanoid acid, arachidic acid
Docosanoic acid, behenic acid
Tetracosanoic acid, lignoceric acid
Hexacosanoic acid, cerotic acid

Question 11

Which FA with odd numbers are present in milk?

Answer 11

1. Pentadecanoic acids (15C)

2. Heptadecanoic (17C)

Question 12

Name of: 18:1 (9c) and 18:1(9t)

Answer 12

oleic acid and elaidic acid

Question 13

Name of 18:2 (9,12)

Answer 13

linoleic acid ** have 2 natural unconjugated bonds

Question 14

Name of 18:3 (9,12,15)

Answer 14

linolenic acid

Question 15

6 major FA with their proportions

Answer 15

1. Myristic acid (14:0) 2%
   
   2. Palmitic acid (16:0) 11%
   3. Stearic acif (18:0) 4%
   4. Oleic acid (18:1 (9)) 34%
   5. Linoleic acid (18:2 (9,12) 34%
   6. Linolenic acid (18:2 (9,12,15) 5%

Question 16

what is arachidonic acid

Answer 16

20:46 with 4 unconjugated double bonds

Question 17

examples of omega 3 with nonconjugated FA double bonds

Answer 17

a-linolenic acid 18:3(9,12,15) Flaxseed, soybean, walnut, rapeseed oils
EPA 20:5 in fish, shellfish
DHA 20:6 in fish, shellfish,

Question 18

examples of omega 6 with nonconjugated FA double bonds

Answer 18

arachidonic acid 20:4 In meat, liver lard and lipids of chicken eggs
Linoleic acid 18:2
Y-linolenic acid 18:3(6,9,12)
** omega 6 in corn oils, sunflower oil and safflower oil

Question 19

examples of omega 9 with nonconjugated FA double bonds

Answer 19

Oleic acid 18:1
Erucic acid 22:1 present in the mustard family of seeds (brassicacecae)
Nervonic acid 24:1
** omega 9 in olive oil, avocados, peanuts, almonds

Question 20

most common conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)

Answer 20

Cis-9, trans-11 isomer

Question 21

2 FA with unconjugated TRANS double donds

Answer 21

elaidic acid

Linolelaidic acid

Question 22

FA with conjugated double bonds

Answer 22

A-Elostearic acid
B-elostearic acid
Parinaric acid

Question 23

fatty composition of cow milk

Answer 23

25-32% palmitic acid, C16
10-12% stearic acid, C18
30-40% oleic acid, C18:1
4-15% butyric acid and other short-chain FA (up to 10C)

Question 24

example of trans fat not bad for health

Answer 24

vaccenic acid (11-octadeonic acid)

Question 25

Nomenclature of rumenic acid and 11-octadecenoic acid

Answer 25

1. Omega-7 trans fat. C18:2 (9c,11t)

2. 18:1(11t)

Question 26

major FA in olive oil

Answer 26

1. Oleic
   
   2. Palmitic (S)
   3. Linoleic (U)
   4. Stearic acid (2)
   5. Palmitoleic (M)
   6. Alpha linolenic acid (U)

Question 27

Examples of oil in:

1. Lauric acid
2. Oleic-linoleic acid group
3. Linolenic acid 4. erucic acid

Answer 27

1. From species of palm like oil palm (palm kernel oil), coconut and babasu- commonly know as tropical oils
   
   2. Cottonseed, sunflower, safflower, oilve, peanut and corn oil
   3. Soybean, linseed, castor, hempseed and perilla oils
2. rapeseed oil (natural one contain 40-50% erucic acid), mustard oil

Question 28

composition of animal fat depot group

Answer 28

• • similar levels of unsaturated FA as the oils in the oleic-linoleic acid group:
    
    • 50-60% oleic and linoleic acid
    • 30-40% palmitic and stearic acid (C16 and C18)

Question 29

crystal form of alpha, beta and beta prime and their space arrangment

Answer 29

alpha: hexagonal (angle de 120degree), vertical tunning fork
beta prime: orthorombic beta prime (angle 90), tilted tunning fork
beta: triclinic beta, stacked chair