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Food Chemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

which phospholipid has X=OH (attached to their phosphate)

A

phosphatidic acid

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2
Q

which phospholipid has X=O-CH2-CH2-NH2

attached to their phosphate

A

phosphatidylethanolamine (like cephalin)

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3
Q

which phospholipid has X=O-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH

attached to their phosphate

A

phosphatidylserine

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4
Q

Which phospholipid as a sugar attached at the phosphate

A

phosphatidylinositol

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5
Q

which phospholipid has X=O-CH2-CH2-N+(CH2)3

attached to their phosphate

A

phosphatidylcholine (like lecithin)

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6
Q

what is this hydrocarbon: CH2=C(CH3)−CH=CH2

A

isoprene

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7
Q

terpenes classes

A
  1. Monoterpenes (2 isoprene units, 10C)
    1. Sesquiterpenes (3, 15C)
    2. Diterpenes (4, 20C)
    3. Sesterterpenes (5, 25C)
    4. Triterpenes (6, 30C)
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8
Q

Systematic and common name of 4:0, 6:0, 8:0 and 10:0

A

Butanoic acid, butyric acid
Hexanoic acid, caproic acid
Octanoic acid, caprylic acid
Decanoic acid, capric acid

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9
Q

Systematic and common name of 12:0, 14:0, 16: and 18:0

A

Dodecanoid acid, lauric acid
Tetradecanoic, myristic acid
Hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid
Octadecanoic acid, stearic acid

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10
Q

Systematic and common name of 20:0, 22:0, 24:0, 26:0

A

Eicosanoid acid, arachidic acid
Docosanoic acid, behenic acid
Tetracosanoic acid, lignoceric acid
Hexacosanoic acid, cerotic acid

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11
Q

Which FA with odd numbers are present in milk?

A
  1. Pentadecanoic acids (15C)

2. Heptadecanoic (17C)

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12
Q

Name of: 18:1 (9c) and 18:1(9t)

A

oleic acid and elaidic acid

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13
Q

Name of 18:2 (9,12)

A

linoleic acid ** have 2 natural unconjugated bonds

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14
Q

Name of 18:3 (9,12,15)

A

linolenic acid

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15
Q

6 major FA with their proportions

A
  1. Myristic acid (14:0) 2%
    1. Palmitic acid (16:0) 11%
    2. Stearic acif (18:0) 4%
    3. Oleic acid (18:1 (9)) 34%
    4. Linoleic acid (18:2 (9,12) 34%
    5. Linolenic acid (18:2 (9,12,15) 5%
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16
Q

what is arachidonic acid

A

20:46 with 4 unconjugated double bonds

17
Q

examples of omega 3 with nonconjugated FA double bonds

A

a-linolenic acid 18:3(9,12,15) Flaxseed, soybean, walnut, rapeseed oils
EPA 20:5 in fish, shellfish
DHA 20:6 in fish, shellfish,

18
Q

examples of omega 6 with nonconjugated FA double bonds

A

arachidonic acid 20:4 In meat, liver lard and lipids of chicken eggs
Linoleic acid 18:2
Y-linolenic acid 18:3(6,9,12)
** omega 6 in corn oils, sunflower oil and safflower oil

19
Q

examples of omega 9 with nonconjugated FA double bonds

A

Oleic acid 18:1
Erucic acid 22:1 present in the mustard family of seeds (brassicacecae)
Nervonic acid 24:1
** omega 9 in olive oil, avocados, peanuts, almonds

20
Q

most common conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)

A

Cis-9, trans-11 isomer

21
Q

2 FA with unconjugated TRANS double donds

A

elaidic acid

Linolelaidic acid

22
Q

FA with conjugated double bonds

A

A-Elostearic acid
B-elostearic acid
Parinaric acid

23
Q

fatty composition of cow milk

A

25-32% palmitic acid, C16
10-12% stearic acid, C18
30-40% oleic acid, C18:1
4-15% butyric acid and other short-chain FA (up to 10C)

24
Q

example of trans fat not bad for health

A

vaccenic acid (11-octadeonic acid)

25
Q

Nomenclature of rumenic acid and 11-octadecenoic acid

A
  1. Omega-7 trans fat. C18:2 (9c,11t)

2. 18:1(11t)

26
Q

major FA in olive oil

A
  1. Oleic
    1. Palmitic (S)
    2. Linoleic (U)
    3. Stearic acid (2)
    4. Palmitoleic (M)
    5. Alpha linolenic acid (U)
27
Q

Examples of oil in:

1. Lauric acid
2. Oleic-linoleic acid group
3. Linolenic acid 4. erucic acid
A
  1. From species of palm like oil palm (palm kernel oil), coconut and babasu- commonly know as tropical oils
    1. Cottonseed, sunflower, safflower, oilve, peanut and corn oil
    2. Soybean, linseed, castor, hempseed and perilla oils
  2. rapeseed oil (natural one contain 40-50% erucic acid), mustard oil
28
Q

composition of animal fat depot group

A
    • similar levels of unsaturated FA as the oils in the oleic-linoleic acid group:
      • 50-60% oleic and linoleic acid
      • 30-40% palmitic and stearic acid (C16 and C18)
29
Q

crystal form of alpha, beta and beta prime and their space arrangment

A

alpha: hexagonal (angle de 120degree), vertical tunning fork
beta prime: orthorombic beta prime (angle 90), tilted tunning fork
beta: triclinic beta, stacked chair

Food Chemistry (1 decks)

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