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Nutrition DIT 1525 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

Dietary fats, cholesterol, sterols, triglycerides

1
Q

Where is cholesterol synthesized?

A

The liver

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2
Q

Do plants make cholesterol?

A

No

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3
Q

Why would milk chocolate contain cholesterol?

A

Made with dairy (animal) fats

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4
Q

What does “mono” mean?

A

1

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5
Q

A saturated fat means that all the carbons have single bonds filled with what element?

A

Hydrogen

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6
Q

What does unsaturated mean?

A

There is room to add additional hydrogen atoms

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7
Q

When a fat is saturated, it has what consistency at room temperature

A

Solid at room temperature

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8
Q

Why would fish need to have their body fat as oils?

A

They live in cold water and could not move if the fat were harder/more saturated

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9
Q

Where is the first double bond in an Omega 3 fat?

A

3 carbons from the Omega end of the fat

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10
Q

What is another word for Omega 9 fats?

A

Monunsaturated

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11
Q

Why is it better to eat a whole food fat (such as avocado) rather than just the oil?

A

Whole food fats also contain other nutrients, including antioxidants, that may help keep the fat nutritious.

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12
Q

Exposure to oxygen, heat and moisture increases what process

A

Oxidation (known as “rust” on metal)

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13
Q

Which polyunsaturated fat is more beneficial to anti-inflammation?

A

Omega 3 fats

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14
Q

What does “If it starts with an ‘S’ its a Six” refer to?

A

Omega 6 fats: safflower, sunflower, soybean

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15
Q

What process is used to change the fatty acid profile of safflower oil, which is naturally high in Omega 6, but becomes higher in Omega 9 fatty acids?

A

Genetic engineering. High Oleic oils are monounsaturated fats. Plant fat profiles that are radically different from the usual profile have come from plants that have been genetically changed in some way.

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16
Q

HDL is the abbreviation for

A

High Density Lipoprotein

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17
Q

LDL is the abbreviation for

A

Low Density Liporotein

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18
Q

Triglyceride is

A

a glycerol molecule with 3 fatty acids attached. It looks like a Capital “E”

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19
Q

Linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid for which type of Omega fat

A

Omega 3 (it has 3 sets of 3 letters, so it is an Omega 3)

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20
Q

When a food is “essential”, what does that mean?

A

Your body cannot produce it. It must come from the diet.

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21
Q

Flax seed must be ground or broken for the body to access Omega 3 fats inside. True or False

A

True

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22
Q

Purslane is an example of

A

A plant that contains Omega 3 fats

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23
Q

Animals that eat soybeans have more of which type of polyunsaturated fat in their bodies?

A

Omega 6

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24
Q

Rancid fat refers to fat that has become

A

oxidized

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25
Q

Which types of fats are most likely to become oxidized

A

Polyunsaturated fats (especially when exposed to oxygen, heat and moisture during cooking/frying)

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26
Q

Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) refers to what?

A

The first pressing of olives into oil.

27
Q

Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) loses nutrients when heated. True or false

A

True

28
Q

Smoke point refers to what

A

The temperature where a oil starts to smoke. High smoke point is good for cooking foods at higher temperatures.

29
Q

Avocado oil has the ___________est smoke point

A

highest

30
Q

Where in blood vessels does plaque occur?

A

Between the lining and the muscle layers. LDL burrows beneath the lining.

31
Q

Rancid Omega 3 fats smell like what?

A

Dead fish and musty basement

32
Q

Should you eat rancid fat?

A

No. It increases inflammation in the body

33
Q

How do they make high omega 3 eggs?

A

Feed the hens more omega 3 fats

34
Q

The type of fat you store in your body will reflect ___

A

The types of fat you eat.

35
Q

Dietary fat carries what type of vitamins?

A

Fat soluble ADEK

36
Q

What does fat contribute toward eating pleasure

A

flavor and the texture of creaminess

37
Q

How many calories does fat contribute per gram?

A

9

38
Q

How would you determine the number of calories from fat?

A

Multiply the grams of fat by 9

39
Q

How would you determine the % of calories from fat?

A

Grams of fat x 9 = calories from fat.

Divide the calories from fat by the total calories per serving to get % of calories from fat

40
Q

30% of calories from fat would be about 3 fat grams per hundred calories. True or False

A

True

41
Q

Coconut oil and palm oil are what type of fat?

A

Saturated

42
Q

Do coconut oil and palm oil contain cholesterol?

A

no. They are plant fats

43
Q

Triglycerides are the same as cholesterol. True or false

A

False.

44
Q

Triglycerides can be raised by stress. True or false

A

True

45
Q

Trans fats have a different shape than naturally occurring saturated fats. True or False

A

True

46
Q

The shape of trans fats makes it more or less rigid?

A

more rigid

47
Q

DHA and EPA are the most important fatty acids in

A

fish oil

48
Q

How would you increase DHA and EPA in your diet?

A

Eat more fish

49
Q

Animals and fish that eat green foods have more of what in their bodies?

A

Omega 3 fats

50
Q

IT is important to correct the balance between these 2 types of polyunsaturated fats

A

Omega 3 and Omega 6

51
Q

Omega 6 fats are converted to substances that increase or decrease inflammation

A

increase

52
Q

Omega 3 fats are converted to substances that increase or decrease blood clotting

A

decrease

53
Q

If I wanted to improve my immune system which Omega fat should I eat more of?

A

Omega 3

54
Q

Monounsaturated fats are called Omega_____

A

9

55
Q

Omega 3 fats have what effect on cancer-related processes?

A

inhibit tumor growth processes and enhance chemotherapy and recovery from surgery

56
Q

Omega 3 and Omega 6 fats compete for the same___

A

enzyme that converts them into other important substances

57
Q

Our current diet provides what ratio of Omega 6 to Omega 3 fats

A

10-20 Omega 6: 1 Omega 3

58
Q

All cholesterol comes from the diet. True or false

A

False. The body also makes it

59
Q

What does “poly” mean

A

More than one

60
Q

hydrogenation is the process of adding _____ to an unsaturated fat

A

hydrogen

61
Q

Partially hydrogenated means some unsaturated bonds remain in the fat. True or False

A

True. It would simply be called hydrogenated if all the bonds were hydrogenated.

62
Q

What are some of the things cholesterol is used for in the body

A

In Bile acids, cell membranes, myelin (the insulation for nerves, Vitamin D, and hormones like testosterone, androgens, estrogens, cortisol, cortisone, and aldosterone.

63
Q

Plaque in the circulatory system has what effect on blood vessels

A

Narrows them. Interferes with elasticity and ability to relax and contract to manage blood pressure.

64
Q

According to The DRI on food labels, how much cholesterol is recommended per day

A

300 mg. 200 mg is for people who need to lower their cholesterol and will not appear on a food label designed for healthy people.

Nutrition DIT 1525 (1 decks)

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