Lipids

Question 1

triad of hyperlipidemia

Answer 1

• obesity
• DM
• hypercholesterol

Question 2

pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

Answer 2

LDL goes into endothelium of vessel, macrophages ingests this deposit leading to a foam cell
however HDL shrinks the size of the foam cells

Question 3

what is considered an emergent blood vessel blockage?

Answer 3

90%

Question 4

HDL vs
LDL
total cholesterol

Answer 4

good cholesterol
bad cholesterol
mostly LDL

Question 5

men are more dependent on a good

Answer 5

LDL

Question 6

women are more dependent on a good

Answer 6

HDL

Question 7

familial hypercholeseterolemia #s

Answer 7

LDL >155 in children and >190 in adults

Question 8

Effects of statin tx in patients with CHD:

Answer 8

studies show significant reductions in cardiovascular events/deaths and all cause mortality in both men and women
NNT to prevent a nonfatal MI w/ CHD was 12-34

Question 9

an eruptive xanthoma can indicate

lipidemia retinalis can indicate

Answer 9

> 1000 triglycerides

>2000 triglycerides

Question 10

high LDL can result in

Answer 10

tendinous xanthomas

Question 11

who to treat?

Answer 11

LDL >190
Type I or II DM and 40-75yo (cardiac equivalent)
10 year ASCVD Risk ≥ 7.5% and 40-75yo

Question 12

ADR of statins?

Answer 12

rhabdomyolysis, can lead to kidney failure, dark urine/muscle pain and weakness would be the signs/symtpoms
Ask patient if the they have aches and pains before starting tx to r/o rhabdo

Question 13

what labs should be ordered prior to statin therapy?

Answer 13

baseline fasting lipid panel (to monitor goal levels) and ALT (to check normal liver function)

Question 14

metabolic syndrome

Answer 14

any 3 of the following
Abdominal obesity
Men waist >40’’
Women waist >35’’
Triglycerides >/= 150
HDL
Men <40
Women <50 (more dependent on high HDL)
Blood pressure >130/>80
Fasting glucose >/= 110mg/dL

Question 15

when to treat hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 15

> 1000, puts at increased risk for pancreatitis

Question 16

best tx for hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 16

fibrates (reduce TG and increase HDL) and niacin (increases HDL)