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Clinical Chemistry 1 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Predominant bond in lipids.

A

Carbon-Hydrogen (C-H) Bonds

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2
Q

Chains of C-H bonds that terminates with -COOH.

A

Fatty Acids (FA)

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3
Q

Fatty acid that bound to albumin?

A

Unesterified Fatty Acids

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4
Q

Fatty acid that is a constituent of Triglycerides?

A

Esterified Fatty Acids

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5
Q

Fatty acid that has no double bonds.

A

Saturated Fatty Acids

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6
Q

Fatty acids that has only one double bond.

A

Monosaturated Fatty Acids

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7
Q

Fatty acids with greater than two double bonds.

A

Polysaturated Fatty Acids

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8
Q

A lipid which has no charged groups, water insoluble, and is a neutral lipid.

A

Triglycerides (TAG)

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9
Q

Triglyceride is completely (hydrophobic / hydrophilic)?

A

Hydrophobic

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10
Q

A lipid which contain 3 fatty acids (FA) attached to 1 glycerol.

A

Triglycerides

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11
Q

A lipid which contain 2 fatty acids (FA) attached to 1 glycerol.

A

Phospholipids

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12
Q

A characteristic which exhibit a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic tail.

A

Amphipathic

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13
Q

True or False: The 2nd position of a phospholipid contains the phospholipid head group.

A

False, the 3rd position of a phospholipid contains the phospholipid head group.

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14
Q

A lipid which is an unsaturated steroid alcohol which also contain four rings.

A

Cholesterol

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15
Q

Kind of cholesterol that is a free cholesterol.

A

Unesterified Cholesterol

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16
Q

Kind of cholesterol that is a cholesteryl ester.

A

Esterified Cholesterol

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17
Q

2 kinds of cholesterol.

A

A. Unesterified Cholesterol

B. Esterified Cholesterol

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18
Q

Which kind of cholesterol is amphipathic?

A

Unesterified Cholesterol

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19
Q

Which kind of cholesterol is a neutral lipid?

A

Esterified Cholesterol

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20
Q

Cholesterol can be converted to? (3)

A

A. Bile Salts
B. Steroid Hormones
C. Vitamin D and Cell Membrane

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21
Q

Components of a lipoprotein.

A

A. Lipids

B. Proteins

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22
Q

What can you find on the surface of a lipoprotein? (2)

A

A. Free Cholesterol

B. Phospholipids

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23
Q

What can you find in the core of a lipoprotein?

A

A. Triglycerides

B. Cholesteryl esters

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24
Q

Functions of Apolipoprotein. (3)

A

A. Maintain structural integrity.
B. Ligands for cell receptor.
C. Activators and inhibitors of enzymes.

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25
Q

Activators and inhibitors of enzymes.

A

Apolipoprotein

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26
Q

Largest lipoprotein.

A

Chylomicron

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27
Q

Least dense lipoprotein.

A

Chylomicron

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28
Q

Chylomicrons are produced the?

A

Intestine

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29
Q

Responsible for delivery of dietary lipids to liver and peripheral tissue.

A

Chylomicrons

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30
Q

Also known as the Pre-B-Lipoprotein.

A

Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

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31
Q

VLDL are produced in?

A

Liver

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32
Q

Responsible for transfer of triglycerides from liver to peripheral tissue.

A

Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

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33
Q

Also known as the B-Lipoprotein.

A

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

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34
Q

Also known as the bad cholesterol.

A

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

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35
Q

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) came from?

A

Lypolysis of Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

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36
Q

Responsible for the transfer of dietary chlesterol to peripheral tissue.

A

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

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37
Q

Lipoprotein that can infiltrate into the extracellular spaces of the vessel wall.

A

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

38
Q

A precursor of atherosclerotic plaques.

A

Foam Cells

39
Q

Once LDL is oxidized and taken up by macrophages, it may turn into?

A

Foam Cells

40
Q

Also known as the A-Lipoprotein.

A

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

41
Q

Also known as the good cholesterol.

A

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

42
Q

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is produced in ? (2)

A

A. Liver

B. Intestine

43
Q

Lipoprotein responsible for the transfer if cholesterol from peripheral cells back to the liver.

A

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

44
Q

The heaviest and the fastest lipoprotein.

A

High Density Lipoprotein

45
Q

A LDL-like particle that contains Apo-a.

A

Lipoprotein a

46
Q

Confers risk for premature coronary heart disease and stroke.

A

Lipoprotein a

47
Q

True or False: Lipoprotein a may compete with plasminogen and it also inhibit clot lysis.

A

True.

48
Q

Reference range of Total Cholesterol; HDL; LDL and Triglycerides in adults.

A

Total Cholesterol: 140-200 mg/dL
HDL: 40-75 mg/dL
LDL: 50-130 mg/dL
Triglyceride: 60-150 mg/dL

49
Q

Conversion factor for Total Cholesterol; HDL; LDL?

A

0.026 mmol/L

50
Q

Conversion factor for triglycerides?

A

0.011 mmol/L

51
Q

Pathways for Lipids. (4)

A

A. Lipid Absorption
B. Exogenous Pathway
C. Endogenous Pathway
D. Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway

52
Q

Enzyme which makes Dietary lipids to become amphipathic?

A

Lipase

53
Q

Emulsifying agent dietary lipids to form micelles?

A

Bile Salt

54
Q

Micelles absorbed in the intestine are packed to form?

A

Chylomicrons

55
Q

Pathway in where lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglyceride in the chylomicrons into fatty acid (FA) and glycerol.

A

Exogenous Pathway

56
Q

Pathway in where chylomicrons are breakdown into chylomicron remnants.

A

Exogenous Pathway

57
Q

Pathway in where triglycerides in the liver are packaged into Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL).

A

Endogenous Pathway

58
Q

Pathway in where lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglyceride in the VLDL into fatty acid (FA) and glycerol.

A

Endogenous Pathway

59
Q

Pathway in where VLDL breaks down into VLDL remnants and LDL.

A

Endogenous Pathway

60
Q

Pathway in where HDL removes and deliver excess cholesterol to the liver.

A

Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway

61
Q

Pathway in where aqueous diffusion pathway and ABCA1 Transport.

A

Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway

62
Q

Lipid Disorders (4)

A

A. Arteriosclerosis
B. Hyperlipoproteinemia
C. Lipoprotein a Elevation
D. Hypoalphalipoproteinemia

63
Q

Lipid disorder there is an deposition of esterified cholesterol in artery walls.

A

Arteriosclerosis

64
Q

Lipid disorder that is associated in the heart.

A

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

65
Q

Lipid disorder that is associated in the extremities/legs or arms.

A

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

66
Q

Lipid disorder that is associated in the brain.

A

Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD)

67
Q

Types of hyperlipoproteinemia. (3)

A

A. Hypercholesterolenemia
B. Hypertriglyceridemia
C. Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia

68
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia which has increased LDL and decreased LDL receptors.

A

Hypercholesterolenemia

69
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia that has decreased LDL/Apo C-II (cofactor).

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

70
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia in which VLDL or Chylos are broke down into remnants.

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

71
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia that has increased triglycerides and cholesterol.

A

Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia

72
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia associated with Familial Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia (FCH)

A

Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia

73
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia which is associated with Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III)

A

Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia

74
Q

Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III) contain what apolipoprotein.

A

Apo E2/2

75
Q

Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III) has what characteristics? (2)

A

A. Increased Cholesterol rich VLDL

B. Chylomicron Remnants

76
Q

Lipid disorder that is associated with hypoalphalipoproteinemia.

A

Tangier’s Disease

77
Q

Two methods for cholesterol analysis.

A

A. Abell Kendall

B. Cholesteryl Oxidase

78
Q

The non-enzymatic method for cholesterol analysis.

A

Abell Kendall Method

79
Q

Reaction for Abell Kendall Method?

A

Liebermann-Burchard Reaction

80
Q

Color of the solution in Abell Kendall Method?

A

Green Solution

81
Q

Enzymatic method for cholesterol analysis.

A

Cholesteryl Oxidase Method

82
Q

Enzyme that triggers the pink solution in Cholessteryl Oxidase Method.

A

Peroxidase

83
Q

Color of the solution in Cholesteryl Oxidase Method.

A

Pink Solution

84
Q

Methods for triglyceride analysis. (3)

A

A. Van Hand and Zilversmith
B. Hantzch Condensation
C. Glycerol Kinase

85
Q

The non-enzymatic methods for triglyceride analysis. (2)

A

A. Van Hand and Zilversmith

B. Hantzch Condensation

86
Q

The fluorimetric method for triglyceride analysis.

A

Hantzch Condensation Method

87
Q

The enzymatic method for triglyceride analysis.

A

Glycerol Kinase Method

88
Q

Color of the solution for Van Hand Method.

A

Blue Solution

89
Q

Color of the solution for Hantzch Condensation Method.

A

Yellow Solution

90
Q

General methods for lipoproteins.

A

A. Ultracentrifugation

B. Electrophoresis (with 4 bands)

91
Q

A method for lipoprotein which is based on molecular density.

A

Ultracentrifugation

92
Q

Order of the lipoproteins from lightest to heaviest.

A

Chylomicron
VLDL
LDL
HDL

Clinical Chemistry 1 (1 decks)

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