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Biochem lab > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

liquid in room temperature

A

oil

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2
Q

meaning of lipid

A

great

fat-like

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3
Q

composition of lipids

A

fatty acids

glycerol

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4
Q

hydrophobic
no charges
equal sharing of electrons
soluble in organic solvents

A

non-polar

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5
Q

Characteristics of Lipids

A 
means great or fat-like
made up of fatty acids and glycerol
non-polar 
soluble in organic solvents
energy storage for the cell
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6
Q

partly ionic, positive charge,

A

polar

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7
Q

lipid-solvents or fat-solvents

A

ether, chloroform, benzene and acetone

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8
Q

Solvents used in solubility of coconut oil

A 
water
conc. HCl
conc. NaOH
cold alcohol
hot alcohol
chloroform
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9
Q

solubility of coconut oil in water

A

insoluble

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10
Q

solubility of coconut oil in conc. HCl

A

insoluble

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11
Q

solubility of coconut oil in conc. NaOH

A

insoluble

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12
Q

solubility of coconut oil in cold alcohol

A

insoluble

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13
Q

solubility of coconut oil in hot alcohol

A

insoluble

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14
Q

solubility of coconut oil in chloroform

A

soluble

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15
Q

are non-volatile

A

Fats

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16
Q

Oils when brought in contact with a substance like paper, it penetrates through it producing a:

A

translucent spot

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17
Q

the spot of grease can never absorb enough______ to vaporize

A

heat

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18
Q

When the liquid is inside the sheet of paper, it diffracts light -

A

Translucent Phenomenon

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19
Q

affect the rate of evaporation of oil.

A

The difference in molecular weight and number of double bonds

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20
Q

The longer the carbon chain and the fewer the double bonds

A

The longer the time it evaporates

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21
Q

to evaporate a lot longer

because they are composed of many single carbon bonds that make the substance less volatile

A

Saturated fatty acid

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22
Q

composed of one or more double bonds.

The double bonds make the fat more volatile.

A

Unsaturated fats

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23
Q

result of Coconut oil in Formation of translucent spot

A

saturated fatty acid

less volatile and thicker spot

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24
Q

result of Anise oil in Formation of translucent spot

A

unsaturated FA

more volatile, thinner spot

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25
Q

Color of fresh coconut oil

A

yellow

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26
Q

Color of coconut oil after exposure

27
Q

Odor of fresh coconut oil

28
Q

Odor of coconut oil after exposure

29
Q

Reaction of fresh coconut oil to litmus paper

30
Q

Reaction of coconut oil after exposure to litmus paper

31
Q

Acidity is due to:

A
  1. Oxidation of the double bonds of glycerol
  2. Hydrolytic change with the production of FA with the formation of volatile aldehyde. This condition is called rancidity
32
Q

refers to the spoilage of a food in such a way that it becomes undesirable (and usually unsafe) for consumption, having unpleasant smell or taste.

33
Q

the ability of the molecule to come in intimate contact with the material acted upon

A

Surface tension

34
Q

is used to detect the presence of glycerol or fat

when fat is treated strongly in the presence of a dehydrating agent like potassium bisulphate (KHSO4), the glycerol portion of the molecule is dehydrated to form an unsaturated aldehyde, acrolein that has a pungent irritating odor.

35
Q

is a process by which you mix two liquids that are ordinarily immiscible (formation of globules)

A

Emulsification

36
Q

must be present to stabilise the emulsion

A

Emulsifying agent

37
Q

solid room temperature

37
Q

Serve as emulsifier of egg

39
Q

Emulsifiers

A

Na2CO3

Egg albumin

40
Q

Reagents of TT1 in Emulsification of Oils

A

Coconut oil + H2O

41
Q

Reaction of TT1 in Emulsification of Oils

A

shake: Formed 2 layers with H2O on top
settle: coconut oil on top

42
Q

Reagents of TT2 in Emulsification of Oils

A

Coconut oil + Na2CO3 + H2O

43
Q

Reaction of TT2 in Emulsification of Oils

A

Formed a milky white solution

44
Q

Reagents of TT3 in Emulsification of Oils

A

Rancid oil + Na2CO3 + H2O

45
Q

Reaction of TT3 in Emulsification of Oils

A

Formed a milky solution without precipitate

46
Q

Reagents of TT4 in Emulsification of Oils

A

Egg albumin + coconut oil

47
Q

Reaction of TT4 in Emulsification of Oils

A

Formed milky solution with precipitate but with foam

48
Q

is the hydrolysis of an ester under basic conditions to form an alcohol and the salt of a carboxylic acid

It produces soap and glycerol, usually from fats and lye

It involves metallic alkali base (usually NaOH and KOH) hydrolysis of triglycerides, which are esters of FA, to form the sodium salt of carboxylate.

A

Saponification

49
Q

dehydrating agent in saponification of lard

KOH dissolved in ethanol and neutralised FA in the lard

Alkaline

A

alcoholic potash

50
Q

Production of saponification of lard

A

Soap

Glycerol

51
Q

Source of soap and glycerol

52
Q

Metallic alkali base used in saponification

53
Q

Used in the experiment to produce hard soap

A

Alcoholic potash

Na2CO3

54
Q

Dehydrating agent in acrolein formation

55
Q

Procedure in formation of translucent spot

A
  1. Place 1 drop of coconut oil on a piece of paper
  2. Note formation of translucent spot
  3. Allow to evaporate
  4. Repeat procedure 1-3 with anise oil
56
Q

Procedure of reactions of fats

A
  1. Place 2 ml of coconut oil in test tube
  2. Test with red and blue litmus paper
  3. Allow oil to stand uncovered until next lab period
  4. Note any change in coconut oil during next lab period
  5. Test with red and blue litmus
57
Q

Procedure in effects of fats on surface tension

A
  1. Fill clean pipette with water up to 0 ml mark using aspirator bulb
  2. Hold pipette vertically and cover top end with thumb
  3. Gradually release the thumb to allow water to flow by drops
  4. Count number of drops in one minute
  5. Clean pipette with acetone and allow to dry up
  6. Fill with coconut oil
  7. Drain oil
  8. Fill pipette with water, repeat procedure 1-4
58
Q

Procedure in acrolein formation

A
  1. Place potassium bisulfate in test tube
  2. Add a drop of coconut oil and heat
  3. Note odor produced
59
Q

Procedure in emulsification of fats TT1

A
  1. Add drop of coconut oil to water and shake

2. Allow to stand and record result

60
Q

Procedure emulsion TT2

A
  1. Add drop of Na2CO3 to water

2. Add drop of fresh coconut oil and shake. Record and compare

61
Q

Procedure emulsification TT3

A
  1. Add drop of Na2CO3 to water

2. Add drop of rancid oil and shake, observe emulsion produced

62
Q

Procedure emulsification TT4

A
  1. Add drop of coconut oil to dilute albumin solution
  2. Observe nature of emulsion
  3. Compare
63
Q

Procedure of saponification of lard

A
  1. Place lard on erlenmeyer flask
  2. Add 50 ml alcoholic potash
  3. Warm in water bath till saponification is complete
  4. Transfer solution to evaporating dish
  5. Heat in water bath until alcohol is driven off
  6. Acidify with dilute HCl and cool
  7. Remove fatty acid
  8. Neutralize solution with na2co3
  9. Evaporate to dryness
  10. Extract residue with alcohol
  11. Remove alcohol by evaporation on water bath until consistency is syrupy

Biochem lab (3 decks)

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