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AS Biology > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 types of lipid?

A

Triglycerides and Phospholipids

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2
Q

What atoms are present in a lipid

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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3
Q

What makes the insoluable in water

A

Non polar

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4
Q

What DO they dissolve in

A

Organic solvents

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5
Q

What are two examples of organic solvents

A

Propanone, alcohols

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6
Q

What is a tryglyceride composed of

A

Glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid chains

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7
Q

What part of a triglyceride varies

A

Fatty acid chains

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8
Q

What reaction causes fatty acid to join to triglycerides

A

Condensation

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9
Q

What bond is formed in a triglyceride in a condensation reaction

A

Ester bond, O-C

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10
Q

What is removed in a condensation reaction for the formation of a triglyceride

A

3 molecules of water

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11
Q

What is the formula of glycerol

A

C3H8O3

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12
Q

What is special about a phospholipid

A

Each molecule has one end that is soluable in water

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13
Q

What is the phosphate head

A

Polar and hydrophilic

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14
Q

What is the tail

A

Non polar and hydrophobic

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15
Q

What does saturated mean

A
  • All of the carbon atoms are linked to the max no of hydrogen
  • molecules align readily so they are solid
  • used for storage in animals
  • SINGLE c-c bond
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16
Q

What does unsaturated mean

A
  • One c=c bond(mono)
  • many c=c bonds(poly)
  • molecules cannot align uniformly and the lipid does not solidify readily
  • remains liquid and room temp
17
Q

What are 2 effects of saturated fats on human health

A

-build up of LDL cause atherosclerosis from atheroma building up in coronary arteries restricting blood flow

18
Q

What are 2 roles of phospholipds

A
  • biological cell membranes

- electrical insulation-mylein sheath surrounding axons

19
Q

4 roles of triglycerides

A
  • energy reserves in plants and animals
  • thermal insulation
  • protection(fat stored around delicate organs)
  • metabolic water-water released during chemical reactions when oxidised
20
Q

2 roles of waxes

A
  • water proofing to reduce water loss
  • in animals-insect exoskeleton
  • in plants-leafs cuticle

AS Biology (6 decks)

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