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Chemistry Module 2 '15 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 general functions of lipids?

A

1) Serve as hormones, 2) Aid in digestion, 3) Provide energy, storage, and metabolic fuels. 4) Functional/structural components 5) Insulation

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2
Q

What is the basic structure of cholesterol?

A

A steroid alcohol with 27 carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral sterane ring system

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3
Q

What are the two functions of cholesterol?

A

Organize cell membranes and control permebility

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4
Q

What is emulsification?

A

Solubilize cholesterol before absorption

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5
Q

What is esterification?

A

Hydrophobic molecule production

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6
Q

What is the ACAT site of action and function?

A

Intracellular catalyzes cholesterol esterfication

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7
Q

What is the LCAT site of action and function?

A

Externally catalyzes cholesterol esterification

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8
Q

What is the empirical formula of fatty acids?

A

R-COOH

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9
Q

What are the three sources of fatty acids?

A

Diet, Adipose tissue and biosynthesis

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10
Q

What are the four functions of fatty acids?

A

1) Produce energy via Beta-Oxidation 2) Produce phospholipids 3) Cell membrane maintenance 4) milk in females

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11
Q

What are the harmful effects of trans fatty acids?

A

1) Not able to (be recognized, thus) broken down my enzymes 2) More dense in membrane 3) Raises LDL/triglycerides 4) Lowers HDL 5) Cardiovascular Disease increase 6) Damage to Brain/nervous system

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12
Q

What is the Beta-oxidation process?

A

Shorten chain, acetyl CoA w/ oxalate = citrate

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13
Q

What is the structure of triglycerides?

A

3 fatty acids to a glycerol

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14
Q

What is the function of triglycerides?

A

Storage of fat in the tissues

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15
Q

How is triglyceride metabolized?

A

Digested in the duodenum and absorbed in the proximal ileum.

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16
Q

What are the phosphoglyceride functions?

A

1) Cell membrane 2) enzyme activators 3) metabolic fuels, 4) signaling molecules 5) Surfactant 6) component of lipoproteins

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17
Q

What are the functions of sphingolipids?

A

1) form major lipids of cel membranes 2) signaling in CNS

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18
Q

What are three fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, E and K

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19
Q

Draw the lipoprotein basic structure

A

After slide 82

20
Q

What are the general functions of lipoproteins?

A

Hydrophilic adaptation to transport hydrophobic lipids to tissues/organs

21
Q

What are the four functions of apolipoproteins?

A

1)Uptake/catabolism 2) Structural component, 3) cofactor to regulate enzymes 4) transfer of lipids between liproteins

22
Q

Where do lipids fall on electrophoresis?

A

Top to bottom: Microns, LDL, VLDL, HDL

23
Q

What is the most and least component of chylomicrons?

A

Triglycerides (86) and Cholesterol (5)

24
Q

What is the main component of VLDL?

A

Triglycerides (55)

25
Q

What is the main component of LDL?

A

Cholesterol (50)

26
Q

What is the main component of IDL?

A

Cholesterol (36)

27
Q

What is the main component of HDL?

A

Protein (50)

28
Q

What are the apolipoproteins on chylomicrons?

A

A-I, E, B-48, C-I, C-II, C-III

29
Q

What are the apolipoprotiens on LDL?

A

B-100

30
Q

What is the function of A-I?

A

Structure, LCAT activator

31
Q

What is the function of A-IV?

A

Activator LCAT and modulator of LPL

32
Q

What is the function of B-48?

A

Structural, chylomicron secretion

33
Q

What is the function of B-100

A

LDL!!!! receptor

34
Q

What is the function of C-I?

A

Activator of LCAT, inhibitor of CETP, CRP, LDLR

35
Q

What is the function of C-II?

A

Activator of LPL

36
Q

What is the function of C-III?

A

Inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase

37
Q

What is the function of E?

A

Uptake of micron remnant into IDL and to the liver

38
Q

What is the purpose of the exogenous function?

A

Transport dietary lipids that are absorbed by intestine to liver/peripheral tissues,

39
Q

What are the three pancreatic enzymes and their substances?

A

Lipase-triglycerides; Cholesterol esterase-cholesterol; Phospholipase A- phospholipids

40
Q

Where are chylomicrons assembled?

A

Intentional epithelial cells

41
Q

What is the importance of C-II?

A

Activates lipoprotein lipase causing hydrolysis of Fatty acids to be taken up by adipose/muscle cells

42
Q

Where are fatty acids stored after triglyceride hydrolysis?

A

Stored as energy source/storage

43
Q

How is the chylomicron remnant formed?

A

What remains after triglyceride hydrolysis

44
Q

What is the important of apo-E?

A

required for endocytosis of the LIVER

45
Q

What is the major carrier of exogenous lipids?

A

Chylomicrons

46
Q

What is the major carrier of endogenous lipids?

A

VLDL

47
Q

What is the purpose of the endogenous pathway?

A

Transfer hepatic device lipids to peripheral cells for energy metabolism

Chemistry Module 2 '15 (1 decks)

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