Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What are eruptive xanthomas, and what are they associated with?

A

They are clusters of erythmatous papules, usually on extensor surfaces, that regress with treatment of hyperTGemia

Associated with TG>3000 mg/dL
*memory: TRI-pod eruption, TRI-glycerides, TRI(#3), TRI-zeors

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2
Q

What are tendon xanthomas, and what are they associated with?

A

Subcutaneous nodules occurring on the extensor tendons

Associated with familial hyperCHOLESTEROLemia

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3
Q

Is hyper- or hypo-thyroidism associated with hyperlipidemia?

A

Hypothyroidism. However, usually doesnt cause lipid levels high enough to cause xanthomas

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4
Q

What “buys you a ticket” to high intensity statin therapy?

A
  • Clear atherosclerotic CV disease (SA, UA, NSTEMI, STEMI, revasc, stroke, TIA, PAD)
  • LDL >190
  • Diabetes + LDL>70
  • Risk >7.5% and LDL>70
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5
Q

Who should definitely avoid statins?

A
  • Hemodialysis

- HF stage 2+

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6
Q

Who should take caution with statins?

A
  • Age >75

- On drugs like amiodarone which inhibit p450, so statins stay in system longer

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7
Q
Normal ranges for:
Total cholesterol
HDL
LDL
TG
A

Total cholesterol: 180-200
HDL: 40-60
LDL: 100-130 (lower if dz)
TG: 150-200

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8
Q

Which lipid are fibrates best at lowering?

A

triglycerides (usually indicated for TG>200)

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9
Q

What is goal LDL for a person with diabetes?

A
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10
Q

What is the MOA of cholestipol, and what are its effects?

A

MOA: Interrupts bile acid resorption. Synergistic with statins for inducing LDL receptors. Often messes with other meds.
Effects: Reduce LDL by 10-15%

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11
Q

What is the MOA of ezetimibe, and what are its effects?

A

MOA: Reduces cholesterol absorption at the intestine
Effects: Reduce LDL (but, not shown to reduce CV risk)

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12
Q

What are the target and adverse effects of niacin?

A

Target effects: Lowers LDL, increases HDL

Adverses effects: Nausea, flushing, glucose intolerance (bad for diabetics)

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