Lipids Flashcards by Alex Ramirez

what is another for monoglyceride used by chemist

monoacylglycerol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

another term for diglyceride

Diacylglycerol (DAG)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is anoterm term for triglyceride

triacylglycerol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the simple triglyceride containing 3 myristic acids is called

trimyristin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

12 Carbons common name acid

Lauric acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

14 Carbons common name acid

Myristic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

16 carbons common name acid

Palmitic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

18 carbons common name acid

stearic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

20 carbons common name acid

eicosanoic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

22 carbons common name acid

docosanoic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_________ is an ____C’s monounsaturated fatty acid and is the most cost common monounsaturated fatty acid in human diets

oleic acid and 18C

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

monunsaturaed fatty acids are abbreviated

MFA or MUFA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

______ acid is a _____ monounsaturated fatty acid found in animal flat and some plant sources

Palmitoleic acid and !6C

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids have the _____configuration around the C=C

cis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

______ of predominantly monounsaturated fatty acids are liquids at room temperature,

triglycerides

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fatty acids have two or more double bonds are called? and the abbreviation is

polyunsaturated fatty acids and PUFA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

18C’s with 2 double bonds

linoleic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

18 C’s with 3 double bonds

linolenic acids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

20 C’s with 4 double bonds

arachidonic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

20 C’s with 5 double bond

eicosapentaenoic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

22 C’s with 6 double bonds

docosahexaenoic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Trans fatty acids in the diet have been correlated to?

increases in low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) and reduction in the high density lipoproteins (good cholesterol)

how to name an omega fatty acid

start from the end of the carboxylic acid and count the carbon that the double bond starts on

2 major sources of oleic acid in the diet

olive oil and canola oil

how does cold water fish get omega 3's

they get it from algae, in he water algae need fat that doesn't solidify

what are the essential fatty acids and what does essential mean?

essential refers to the fact that the human body can't synthesize them and lenolenic and linoleic acids are

difference between fats and oils

fats are solids at room temperature and oils are liquids at room temperature

the more double bonds the _____ the melting point

lower

increased LDL increases risks for?

atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease

The shorter the chain the the _____ melting point

lower

________ containing saturated fatty acids longer than 12 C’s are usually solid at room temperature. Our typical meat sources (beef, pork, lamb) have a high content of relatively long saturated fatty acid C chains.

triglycerides

omega-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of _________

heart attacks

what type of fish are omega 3's found in

cold water fish

The positive correlation between low incidence of cardiovascular disease and omega 3 fatty acids is?

based on EPA and DHA not linolenic acids

what is lecithin important in

lipid bilayer with two layers instead of micelles

Lauric acid becomes lauroyl Myristic acid becomes myristoyl Palmitic acid becomes palmitoyl Stearic acid becomes stearoyl

in the presence of phosphatidyl choline

what is the amine form in a healthy cell

ammonium ion form since it is an acidic environment in comparison with the pKa

rattle snake venom contains what enzyme

phospholipase A2

what is does phospholipase A2 do and what does it produce

hydrolyzes the ester linkage of the fatty acid on C2 of lecithin and other membrane phospholipids lysophospholipid-acts as a surfactant which disrupts the membrane structure

what is contained in bee venom

melittin (increases activity of phospholipase A2 already in the organism)

what is formed by sphingomyelin

myelin sheath and is a component of lung surfactant

what is RDS?

- neonatal respiratory distress syndrom - insufficient lung surfactant, alveoli collapse and SA drops, decreasing efficiency of carbon dioxide/oxygen transfer across membrane - risky for premies

how to prevent of RDS

- delay of childbirth with terbutaline (calcium channel blockers) - treatment with steroids, giving mother betamethasone stim. fetal lungs to produce surfactant

treatment of RDS in premies

- Infasurf - made from cow lung surfactant - $800/ treatment - contains DPPC

DPPC

dipalmatoylphosphatidyl choline

A rare genetic disorder and only happens in about 1 in 100,000 people in which the glucocerebrosidase enzyme which metabolizes glucocerebroside in lysosomes is non-functional

Gaucher’s disease

gucosyl is where?

blood

galactosyl is where?

brain tissue

What is happening functionally in Gaucher's disease

spleen exceeds maximum waste

Treatment of Gaucher's disease

- IV infusion every 2 weeks - Cerezyme - $250,000 per year

Krabbe disease

-like Gaucher's disease, cerebrosides accumulate, except now it's in the brain and the symptoms start shortly after birth, including seizures, vomiting slowing mental and muscular development and culminating in paralysis, blindness and death (no treatment)

What football player had a kid with Krabbe disease?

Jim Kelly from Buffalo Bills

What do Gaucher's disease and Krabbe disease have in common at the cellular level?

they are both lysosomal storage diseases (affect metabolism of lysosomes)