Lipids Flashcards
What are lipids composed of
CHO
-fewer oxygens and more carbon and hydrogen bonds than carbohydrates
How are lipids more accessible than carbs
provides long-term energy, which are processed after carbs have been used.
Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic
hydrophobic
What are lipids important for
Insulation, Protective cushion around organs. Cell membranes
-IPC
What are triglycerides composed of
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
How are triglycerides bonded
ester linkage - between hydroxyl on glycerol and carboxy on fatty acid.
Define fatty acid
a hydrocarbon chain that ends with an acidic carboxyl group
How do you recognize saturated acids
has no double bonds between carbon atoms
How do you recognize unsaturated fatty acids
has one (monounsaturated) or more double bonds (polyunsaturated) between carbon atoms
Difference of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated
generally solid fats at room temperature
Difference of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated
generally liquids at room temperature
Define trans-linoleic (trans fats) acids
food preservation process called hydrogenation involving adding H to unsaturated F.A. to produce S.F
What are the risk of trans fats (trans-linoleic acids)
increased heart disease
Differences of head and tail of phospholipids
Head: polar (hydrophilic)
Tail: (hydrophobic)
(C-C and C-H bonds)
What are phospholipids composed of
glycerol molecule bonded to 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group with an R-group
In aqueous environments what layer do phospholipids form
lipid bilayer
In a lipid bilayer which hydrophilic/hydrophobic is facing
Hydrophilic (head): face outside the aqueous environment
Hydrophobic (tails): creates a hydrophobic interior
What is a cholesterol composed of
4-carbon based rings attached to each other
What are steroids used for
reduce inflammation (ointments for skin conditions; inhalers for asthma)
Define waxes (other lipids)
a diversity of chemical structures (usually) with long carbon based chains and is solid at room temperature
Define anabolic steroids
synthetic compounds that mimic male sex hormones. Used to build muscle mass in cancer and AIDS victims (misused by athletes)
Where are waxes produced (biologically)
both plants (coating of leaves) and animals (earwax, beeswax)
