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Biology Year 12 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What three elements make up lipids?

A

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

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2
Q

What is a key characteristic of lipids?

A

They dissolve in organic solvents but not water

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3
Q

What is one function of lipids?
(Name all you can think of)

A

Energy

Can be used as a substrate in respiration to release energy

Are used when glycogen/starch stores are depleted

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4
Q

What is one function of lipids?
(Name all you can think of)

A

Energy store

Stored in adipose tissue

Provides more energy per gram than carbohydrates

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5
Q

What is one function of lipids?
(Name all you can think of)

A

Biological membranes

Forms phospholipids used in the bilayer

Forms cholesterol that controls membrane fluidity and structure

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6
Q

What is one function of lipids?
(Name all you can think of)

A

Insulation

Blubber reduces heat loss, used by whales and seals

Electrical insulation around nerve cells, called a myelin sheath

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7
Q

What is one function of lipids?
(Name all you can think of)

A

Buoyancy

Fat is less dense than water, used by marine mammals

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8
Q

What is one function of lipids?
(Name all you can think of)

A

Protection

Surrounds vital organs such as heart and kidney to provide physical protection

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9
Q

What is one function of lipids?
(Name all you can think of)

A

Waterproofing

Cuticle on plant leaves

Animals can spread an oil over themselves to makes fur or feathers water repellent

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10
Q

What is one function of lipids?
(Name all you can think of)

A

Production of Vitamin D, bile and steroids

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11
Q

What are triglycerides made from?

A

Glycerol and three fatty acids

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of fatty acids?

A

All have a carboxyl acid group at one end (COOH) and the rest is a hydrocarbon
Usually between 12-22 carbons long
Can be saturated or unsaturated
If saturated they fit the formula CnH(2n+1)COOH

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13
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A

Same as a triglyceride but one fatty acid is replaced with a phosphate group

Phosphate group and glycerol are hydrophilic whereas the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic

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14
Q

Explain two points about membrane fluidity

A

The fatty acids that make up a membrane can be saturated or unsaturated

Organisms in a cold climate have more unsaturated fatty acid so the membrane remains fluid

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15
Q

What are characteristics of cholesterol?

A

Not formed from glycerol/fatty acids

Four carbon rings

Small and narrow molecule

Hydrophobic

Fits between phospholipids hydrocarbon tails and regulates fluidity and strength of the membrane

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of steroid hormones?

A

Made from cholesterol

Lipophilic-Can pass through bilayer

Forms testosterone, oestrogen and progesterone

Biology Year 12 (8 decks)

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