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biochemistry > LIPIDS > Flashcards

LIPIDS Flashcards

0
Q

Long chain of carboxylic acid with one double bond

A

MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACID

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1
Q

long chain of carboxylic acid with no double bond

A

SATURATED FATTY ACID

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2
Q

Long chain of carboxylic acid with two or more double bonds

A

POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

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3
Q

Fatty acids associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis

A

SATURATED FATTY ACIDS

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4
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

LINOLEIC ACID

LINOLENIC ACID

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5
Q

Immediate precursor of prostaglandins

A

ARACHIDONIC ACID

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6
Q

End product of fatty acid synthesis

A

PALMITIC ACID

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7
Q

2 primary bile acids

A

CHolic and chenodeoxycholic

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8
Q

2 molecules conjugated to bile acids to convert them to bile salts

A

TAURINE

GLYCINE

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9
Q

2 secondary bile acids

A

DEOXYXHOLIC AND LITHOCOLIC ACID

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10
Q

Clinical manifestation of lipid malabsorption

A

STEATORRHEA

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11
Q

Spherical macromolecular complexes composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a shell of amphipathic lipoproteins, phospholipid and nonesterified cholesterol

A

LIPOPROTEINS

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12
Q

Protein moiety of lipoproteins

A

APOPROTEINS

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13
Q

Transport dietary triglyceride and cholesterol from intestine to tissues

A

CHYLOMICRON

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14
Q

Transport triglyceride from liver to tissues

A

VLDL

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15
Q

Delivers cholesterols into cells

A

LDL

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16
Q

reverse cholesterol transport

A

HDL

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17
Q

Shuttles apo C II and apo E in the blood

A

HDL

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18
Q

Mediates chylomicron secretion

A

APO B48

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19
Q

Activates lipoprotein lipase

A

APO C 11

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20
Q

Mediates uptake if chylomicron remnant

A

APO E

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21
Q

Binds to LDL receptor and mediates VLDL secretion

A

APO B100

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22
Q

Activates LCAT to produce cholesteryl estees in HDL

A

APO A1

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23
Q

Degradation of dietary TAG in small intestine

A

PANCREATIC LIPASE

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24
Q

degradation of TAG remaining in IDL

A

hepatic TAG lipase

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25
Q

Major component of lung surfactant

A

DIPALMITOYL PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE

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26
Q

Only glycerophospholipid that is antigenic

A

Cardiolipin

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27
Q

Reservoir for arachidonic acid in the membranes and precursor for IP3 and DAG

A

PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL

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28
Q

important constituent of myelin

A

SPHINGOMYELIN

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29
Q

contains no double bond

solid at room temperature

A

saturated fatty acid

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30
Q

contains 1 double bond

A

monounsaturated fatty acid

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31
Q

contain 2 double bonds

A

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

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32
Q

deficiency results in decreased vision and altered learning behavior

A

Linolenic acid

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33
Q

becomes essential if linoleicis deficient

A

Arachidonic acid

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34
Q

rate limiting step in fatty acid synthesis

A

ACETYL CoA CARBOXYLASE

acetyl coA + ATP –> malonyl coA

35
Q

Since the rate limiting step in fatty acid synthesis requires a carboxylase what is a necessary co factor in this reaction?

A

Biotin

36
Q

Where is acetyl coA produced?

A

Mitichondrial matrix only because it cannot pass through the mitichondrial membranes

37
Q

Where does the cell primarily get the necessary NADPH?

A

Hexose monophosphate pathway/pentose phosphate pathway and NADPH dependent malate dehydrogenase (malic enzyme)

38
Q

esters of the trihydric alcohol glycerol and fats

main storage forms of fatty acids

A

Triacylglycerols

39
Q

Where does synthesis of TAGs occur

A

liver and adipose tissue

40
Q

sources of glycerol 3 phosphate

A

DHAP from glycolysis and phosphorylation of free glycerol

41
Q

hydrolyzes TAGs to yielding free fatty acids and glycerol

A

Hormone sensitive lipase

42
Q

rate limiting step: B-oxidation of fatty acids

A

CARNITINE ACYLTRANSFERASE fatty acyl CoA + carnitine –> fatty acyl carnitine + CoA

43
Q

removal of acetyl CoA fragments from the ends if fatty acids

A

B-oxidation of fatty acids

44
Q

oxidiZe very long chain of fatty acids

A

peroxisomes

45
Q

Total ATP yield by B oxidation

A

129 ATP

46
Q

converts acetyl CoA ti ketone bodies

A

Ketogenesis

47
Q

where dies ketogenesis occur?

A

mitochondria

48
Q

rate limiting step on ketogenesis

A

HMG CoA synthase

kHetoneS

49
Q

major tissue site if FA synthesis

A

liver

50
Q

carriers/shuttles of fatty acid synthesis

A

citrate shuttle shuttles acetyl CoA

51
Q

reducing equivalent if FA Synthesis

A

NADPH

52
Q

FA synthesis product

A

1 palmitate

53
Q

FA synthesis inhibitors

A

long chain fatty acyl CoA inhibits acetyl CoA carboxylase

54
Q

major tissue site if B oxidation

A

muscle and liver

55
Q

carriers/shuttles of b oxidation

A

carnitine shuttle shuttles fatty acyl

56
Q

reducing equivalents of b oxidation

A

NAD AND FAD

57
Q

inhibitor of b oxidation

A

malonyl CoA inhibits carnitine palmitoyl transferase

58
Q

ketoacidosis can be seen in

A

uncontrolled DM 1&2, starvation and chronic alcoholics

59
Q

adrenal hormones derived from cholesterol

A

aldosterone
androstenedione
cortisol

60
Q

storage form of cholesterol

A

cholesteryl esters

61
Q

major tissue site for cholesterol synthesis

A

liver and intestines

62
Q

rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis

A

HMG CoA reductase

cHolesteRol

63
Q

drugs used for the treatment if hypercholesterolemia to reduced the risk for CVD. they are competitive inhibitors of HMG coA reductase

A

Statins

64
Q

the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to acetyl CoA how does acetyl CoA reach the cytosol for cholesterol

A

Citrate shuttle

65
Q

synthesis in the liver from cholesterol

A

bile acids

66
Q

rale limiting enzyme of bile acids

A

cholesterol 7 A hydroxylase

67
Q

bile conjugated with either lysine ir taurine

emulsifying agent

A

bile salts

68
Q

mother hormone from which all other hormones are derived

A

pregnenolone

69
Q

rate limiting step of steroid hormone synthesis

A

desmolase

70
Q

TAG from diet

activated by TRYSIN

A

pancreatic lipase

71
Q

TAG from chylomicrons and VLDL

activated by INSULIN

A

lipoprotein lipase

72
Q

TAG from adipose

activated by Glucagon

A

hormone sensitive lipase

73
Q

spherical macromolecular complexes composed of neutral lipid core surrounded by a shell of amphipathic apolipoproteins phospholipids and nonsterified cholesterol

A

Plasma lipoproteins

74
Q

represent the protein moiety of lipoproteins

A

APOLIPOPROTEINS or apoproteins

75
Q

apoprotein secreted by the liver

chylomicron assembly + secretion

A

Apo B48

chylomicrons

76
Q

apoprotein that activates lipoprotein lipase

shuttled by HDLs

A

Apo C II

chylomicrons and VLDL

77
Q

apoprotein that is taken up by the liver

mediates uptake if chylomicron remnant

A

Apo E

chylomicron and VLDL

78
Q

activates LCAT

A

A-1

79
Q

only antigenic phospholipid
it reacts with antibodies produced against treponema pallidum hence one of the non treponemal tests for syphilis is anti cardiolipin test

A

cardiolipin

80
Q

sphingosine + fatty acid

A

ceramide

81
Q

ceramide + glucose or galactose

A

cerebroside

82
Q

ceramide + oligosaccharide

A

globoside

83
Q

ceramide + n acetylneuramic acid

A

ganglioside

84
Q

ceramide + sulfated galactose

A

sulfatides

85
Q

only significant sphingophospholipid in humans where it is an important constituet of the myelin sheath of nerves

A

sphingomyelin

86
Q

aim to identify the whole complement of proteins elaborated by a cell under diversed conditions

A

proteomics

biochemistry (15 decks)

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