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molecular nutrition > lipids > Flashcards

lipids Flashcards

1
Q

why are phospholipids classed as a compound

A

the fatty acid compound can vary

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2
Q

two ways lipids are diverse

A

chemically and functionally

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3
Q

explain lipids solubility

A

mostly insoluble in water, soluble in solvents that have low polarity

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4
Q

list molecules from their decreasing polarity (i.e most polar to non polar)

A

salts, acids, ketones, Esthers, halogenated, aromatic, aliphatic

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5
Q

name 4 amphipathic molecules

A

sodium stearate,
sodium p dodecylbenzenesulfonate, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride
di(ethylene glycol) dodecyl ether

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6
Q

name a soap

A

sodium stearate

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7
Q

name a cationic detergent

A

hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride

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8
Q

name an anionic detergent

A

sodium p dodecylbenzenesulfonate

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9
Q

name a nonionic detergent

A

di (ethyl glycol) dodecyl ether

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10
Q

two types of amphiphiles

A

single chain and double chain

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11
Q

explain the dietary source of lipids

A

2% in plants and animals
tiny percent manufatured in the body
95% triacylglyceride (fats, oils, corn, nuts, milk, cheese)

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12
Q

3 lipid structures

A

simple
compund
derived

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13
Q

what are simple lipids

A

esters of fatty acids

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14
Q

what are fats

A

fatty acids and glycerols

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14
Q

what are waxes

A

long chain fatty acids and log chain alcohols

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15
Q

what are compund lipids

A

esters of fatty acids and alcoholds that also contain another group

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16
Q

what are derived lipids

A

composed of hydrocarbon rings and a long hydrocarbon side chain

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17
Q

name 4 common lipids

A

cholersterol
free fatty acid
triglyceride
phospholipid

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18
Q

draw sphingosine

A
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19
Q

draw sphingomyelin

A
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20
Q

what is demyelination

A

breakdown of myelin sheaths leading to multiple sclerosis

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21
Q

name two C18 fatty acids

A

octadecanoate
octadenenoate

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22
Q

what acid is octadecanoate

A

stearate

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23
Q

what acid is octadenenoate

A

oleate

24
Q

draw octadecanoate

A
25
Q

draew octadecenoate

A
26
Q

how many double bonds in octadecanoate

A

0

27
Q

how many double bonds in octadecenoate

A

1

28
Q

how many double bonds in octadecadienoate

A

2

29
Q

how many double bonds in octadecatrienoate

A

3

30
Q

3 functions of lipids

A
  1. energy supply and storage
  2. membrane components/surface openings
  3. signals, messengers, cofactors, pigments
31
Q

how are lipids energy stores

A

fatty acids are stored as triacylglycerol

32
Q

how are triacylglycerols economical

A

non-polar; doesn’t bind with water
6x more energy than glycogen

33
Q

how are triacylglycerols efficient

A

more reduced than proteins and carbons
have a higher caloric yield 9 vs 4 kcal/g

34
Q

what is step 1 in triacylglycerol synthesis

A

production of phosphatidate in the ER and outer mitochondrial membrane

35
Q

what are lipins

A

phosphotase and acyltransferase are enzymes associated in a complex called triacylglycerol synthetase

36
Q

6 components of an adipocyte

A
  1. mitochondria
  2. rough ER
  3. nucleus
  4. Golgi
  5. membrane
  6. fat reserve
37
Q

4 b - cell functions

A
  1. drives fatty acid uptake
  2. drives glucose uptake
  3. drives TAG synthesis
  4. inhibits lipase
38
Q

3 a - cell functions

A
  1. drives fataty acid release by triggering lipase
  2. inhibits TAG synthesis
  3. glycerol release
39
Q

what is step 2 of triacyl glycerol synthesis

A

hydrolysis of phosphatidate to DAG and acylation to TAG by diglyceride acyl transferase

40
Q

3 components of phosphatidylserine

A
  1. fatty acid
  2. glycerol
  3. alcohol
41
Q

2 categories of membrane lipids

A

phopholipids and glycolipids

42
Q

2 physical charachteristics of membrane lipids

A

polar head group and non polar hydrocarbon tail

43
Q

why is the dual polarity important

A

allow membrane lipids to forma beta sheet

44
Q

5 components of phospholipid synthesis

A
  1. glucose
  2. DHAP
  3. glycerol
  4. glucose 3 phosphate
  5. phosphatidate
  6. alcohol -> phospholipid
45
Q

what is DHAP

A

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

46
Q

why is DHAP important

A
  1. precursor for glycerol backbone
  2. glycolytic intermediate
47
Q

step 1 in phospholipid synthesis

A

activation of phosphitadate with cytidine transport
pyrophosphate is released and must by hydrolysed to drive rxn forward

48
Q

step 2 in phospholipid synthesis

A

the hydroxyl group of the alcohol in linked in a phosphodiester bridge
CMP is released

49
Q

what is CMP

A

cytidine monophosphate

50
Q

what is the kennedy pathway

A

the synthesis of phosphatidyl choline in the liver

51
Q

explain the second pathway to produce phophatidyl choline in the liver

A

methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine

52
Q

which pathway produces phophatidyl choline do novo

A

the second pathway

53
Q

how else is choline obtained

A

from the diet

54
Q

draw the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine

A
55
Q

how is phosphatidyl inositol constant

A

stearic acid in C1
arachidon acid in C2

56
Q

how does phosphatidyl become PIP2

A

further phosphorylation by 4,5 bisphosphate (becoming an importantt signal transduction molecule)

57
Q

all phospholipids have a, b, c

A

a = polar phosphate
b = glycerol
c = non-polar fatty acids

58
Q
A

molecular nutrition (1 decks)

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