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Biochemistry BIOL213 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

lipids have a low solubility in ??? and are relatively hydrophobic

A

water

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2
Q

phospholipids are structural elements of membranes or energy storage?

A

structural elements

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3
Q

fats/oils/triacylglycerides are structural elements of membranes or energy storage?

A

energy storage

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4
Q

Fatty acid general structure is CH3–(CH2)n—COOH with COO- at a pH of ???

A

7

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5
Q

saturated fatty acids contain how many double bonds between carbons?

A

no double bonds

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6
Q

monounsaturated fatty acids contain how many double bonds between carbons?

A

1

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7
Q

polyunsaturated fatty acids contain how many double bonds between carbons?

A

more than 1 in the alkyl chain

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8
Q

saturated fatty acids pack in a fairly ??? way due to extensive favourable interactions

A

orderly way

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9
Q

unsaturated FAs don’t pack very well because they are ??? by the double bond = less favourable interactions

A

kinked

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10
Q

TRUE or FALSE: less energy is required to disrupt the order of unsaturated FAs

A

TRUE

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11
Q

TRANS-fatty acids form by partial ??? of unsaturated FAs

A

dehydration

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12
Q

trans FAs can pack more regularly and have higher ??? than CIS form

A

melting point

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13
Q

TRUE or FALSE: solubility decreases as chain length increases

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Melting point decreases as chain length ??? and as number of double bond increases

A

decreases

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15
Q

Branched-chain FAs increase the fluidity of membranes because they ??? extent of membrane-lipid packing

A

decrease

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16
Q

cis double bond decreases the melting point- yes or no

A

yes

17
Q

Triacylglycerols are a derivative of ??? where the carboxylic acid group from a FA esterifies with each OH group on glycerol

A

glycerol

18
Q

Phospholipids:
glycerophospholipid (phosphoglycerides) have a ??? backbone and comprise about 2/3 of membrane phospholipids

A

glycerol backbone

19
Q

Glycerophospholipid: 2 FAs esterify with the 1st and 2nd OH group of ??? whilst the phosphate group is attracted to the 3rd Carbon

A

glycerol

20
Q

TRUE or FALSE: the highly polar phosphate group on a glycerophospholipid can be further esterified by an alcohol head group eg phosphatidylcholine

A

TRUE

21
Q

Phsopholipid:
Sphingolipids have a ??? backbone, are less abundant with only 1/3

A

sphingosine

22
Q

sphingolipids:
sphingosine ??? has a cis-hydrocarbon chain side group at C3 and an amide-linked fatty acid

A

backbone

23
Q

sphingomyelin is an example of a ??? in membrane phospholipids

A

sphingolipid

24
Q

Glycolipids (glycosphingolipids) have a sphingosine ??? and a direct glycosidic linkage between the head (the sugar/mono/oligosaccharide) and backbone. the sugar group increases ???

A

backbone
polarity

25
Q

What distinguishes the blood groups?
this is due to the type of sugars located on head groups in the ??? of the RBC membranes

A

Glycosphingolipids

26
Q

TRUE or FALSE: the structure of the sugars located on the head groups of glycosphingolipids in RBC membranes is determined by an expression of specific glycosyltransferases

A

TRUE

27
Q

what blood type has no active glycosyltransferase?

A

blood type O

28
Q

what blood group has a glycosyltransferase that transers N-acetylgalactosamine group?

A

Blood type A

29
Q

what blood group has a glycosyltransferase that transers a galactose group?

A

Blood type B

30
Q

sterols such as cholesterol have a ??? tail

A

hydrophobic

31
Q

phospholipid derivatives can be ??? signallers

A

intracellular

32
Q

cholesterol is a precursor for other sterols such as ??? and ???

A

cortisol and aldosterone

Biochemistry BIOL213 (6 decks)

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