Lipids

Question 1

Risk Factors for hyperlipidemia

Answer 1

Men >45, women>55, family history of CHD, hypertension, current smoker, <40 HDL

Question 2

Extremely high levels of chylomicrons or VLDL particles can cause what skin condition?

Answer 2

eruptive xanthomas- red/yellow papules, especially on the buttocks

Question 3

High levels of LDL can cause what skin condition?

Answer 3

tendinous xanthomas- occur on achilles tendon, patella and back of hands

Question 4

High levels of triglycerides can cause this eye condition marked by white appearance of retina

Answer 4

Lipemia retinalis- caused from lipid deposits on the retina

Question 5

NCEP recommends screening all individuals for high cholesterol beginning at what age?

Answer 5

20

Question 6

T/F

Most individuals have no clinical signs of high cholesterol

Answer 6

True. Usually indicated in blood testing

Question 7

What values indicate an increase in CHD risk with high cholesterol?

Answer 7

Each 10 mg/dl of total cholesterol increases the risk of CHD by 10%

Question 8

What constitutes a patient as high risk for CAD?

Answer 8

A history of any of the following: CAD, MI, stroke, CHD

Question 9

What constitutes a patient as intermediate risk for CAD?

Answer 9

Having 2 or more risk factors

Question 10

What constitutes a patient as low risk for CAD?

Answer 10

Having less than 2 risk factors

Question 11

HDL

Answer 11

Good cholesterol: high density

Question 12

LDL

Answer 12

Bad cholesterol: low density

Question 13

Treatment for hyperlipidemia

Answer 13

Diet, exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation, aspirin therapy, Rx if needed

Question 14

Benefit of HDL

Answer 14

If HDL>60, it subtracts a risk factor

Question 15

Niacin

Answer 15

lipid-lowering, causes flushing due to prostaglandins, intolerance is common

Question 16

cholestyramine, colesevelam, and colestipol

Answer 16

Bind bile acids, < LDL. GI issues are common

Question 17

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): mechanism

Answer 17

work by inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of cholesterol

Question 18

Gemfibrozil

Answer 18

Fibrate (PPAR-alpha) agonists): < LDL, >HDL

Reduces CHD also

Question 19

Ezetimibe

Answer 19

Lipid lowering drug, inhibits cholesterol transporter, < LDL

Question 20

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): side effects

Answer 20

muscle aches, mild GI issues, liver toxicity

Question 21

Gemfibrozil: side effects

Answer 21

Gall stones, hepatitis, muscle inflammation

Question 22

Total Cholesterol

Answer 22

HDL+LDL+VLDL

Question 23

Most of the triglycerides are found here?

Answer 23

VLDL

Question 24

T/F High triglycerides may cause Pancreatitis

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What are values for high cholesterol?

Answer 25

Over 240

Question 26

What is considered borderline high cholesterol?

Answer 26

200-239

Question 27

What is considered desirable cholesterol level?

Answer 27

under 200

Question 28

What is the desired level for HDL?

Answer 28

low is less than 40, high is more than 60

Question 29

What is considered the desired level for LDL?

Answer 29

Less than 100