Lipids Flashcards
Risk Factors for hyperlipidemia
Men >45, women>55, family history of CHD, hypertension, current smoker, <40 HDL
Extremely high levels of chylomicrons or VLDL particles can cause what skin condition?
eruptive xanthomas- red/yellow papules, especially on the buttocks
High levels of LDL can cause what skin condition?
tendinous xanthomas- occur on achilles tendon, patella and back of hands
High levels of triglycerides can cause this eye condition marked by white appearance of retina
Lipemia retinalis- caused from lipid deposits on the retina
NCEP recommends screening all individuals for high cholesterol beginning at what age?
20
T/F
Most individuals have no clinical signs of high cholesterol
True. Usually indicated in blood testing
What values indicate an increase in CHD risk with high cholesterol?
Each 10 mg/dl of total cholesterol increases the risk of CHD by 10%
What constitutes a patient as high risk for CAD?
A history of any of the following: CAD, MI, stroke, CHD
What constitutes a patient as intermediate risk for CAD?
Having 2 or more risk factors
What constitutes a patient as low risk for CAD?
Having less than 2 risk factors
HDL
Good cholesterol: high density
LDL
Bad cholesterol: low density
Treatment for hyperlipidemia
Diet, exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation, aspirin therapy, Rx if needed
Benefit of HDL
If HDL>60, it subtracts a risk factor
Niacin
lipid-lowering, causes flushing due to prostaglandins, intolerance is common
cholestyramine, colesevelam, and colestipol
Bind bile acids, < LDL. GI issues are common
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): mechanism
work by inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of cholesterol
Gemfibrozil
Fibrate (PPAR-alpha) agonists): < LDL, >HDL
Reduces CHD also
Ezetimibe
Lipid lowering drug, inhibits cholesterol transporter, < LDL
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): side effects
muscle aches, mild GI issues, liver toxicity
Gemfibrozil: side effects
Gall stones, hepatitis, muscle inflammation
Total Cholesterol
HDL+LDL+VLDL
Most of the triglycerides are found here?
VLDL
T/F High triglycerides may cause Pancreatitis
True
What are values for high cholesterol?
Over 240
What is considered borderline high cholesterol?
200-239
What is considered desirable cholesterol level?
under 200
What is the desired level for HDL?
low is less than 40, high is more than 60
What is considered the desired level for LDL?
Less than 100
