Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry final > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

6 analytes

A

cholesterol
fatty acids
glycerol esters
sphingolipids
lipoproteins
apolipoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fatty acid chemical structure

A

CH3(CH2)nCOO-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Family of nuclear receptors activated by FAs is called ____________

A

PPARs
proliferator-activated receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

PPARs are implicated in 2 pathologic processes:

A

insulin resistance
dyslipidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Clinical significance of lipid and lipoprotein testing is mostly for

A

atherosclerotic diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Definition of disorders of lipoprotein metabolism is based on relationship between

A

Definition is based on relationship between lipoprotein concentration and risk for CHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Indications for lipid profile (3)

A
  • screening for primary and secondary hyperlipidemias
  • monitoring for risk of atherosclerosis
  • monitoring the treatment of hyperlipidemias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_______ and __________ are the plasma lipids of most interest

A

Cholesterol
Triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Biological variations (6)

A

increasing age
sex (women have lower level during mid-age)
food intake
medical conditions (thyroid, liver, kidney)
acute illness
life-style

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Patient should fast for _______ h

A

12h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Plasma or serum can be used when ____, _____ and _____ are measured

A

TC
TG
HDL-C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Plasma is preferred when ______ is measured

A

lipoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_______ is used when it is necessary to store samples for weeks/months

A

serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Measurements in the _______ samples seem to be little lower than _______ samples

A

Measurements in the capillary samples seem to be little lower than venous samples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Frozen samples (4)

A

TC
TG
HDL-C
Apolipoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

For short-time storage sample can be kept at _____

A

-20C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol metabolism is

A

3-hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fasting lipid panel should be done once every _____ years in adults aged more than _______

A

5 years
20 years

19
Q

If person has low risk, further testing is not required if total cholesterol ______ mg/dl and HDL more than ________ mg/dl

A

If person has low risk, further testing is not required if total cholesterol < 200 mg/dl and HDL more than 40 mg/dl

20
Q

Cholesterol assay-enzymatic method procedure

A
  • Reagent is mixed with 3-10-pL aliquot of serum/plasma
  • incubated under controlled conditions for colour developments
  • absorbance is measured in the visible portion of the spectrum, generally about 500nm
21
Q

Interfering substances in enzymatic procedure are (3)

A
  • bilirubin
  • ascorbic acid
  • hemoglobin
22
Q

Which substances react in cholesterol oxidase method?

A

cholesterol ester + H2O + cholesterol esterase -> free cholesterol
Hydrogen peroxide reacts with a compound giving coloured compound

23
Q

Cholesterol levels

A

Good level: below 200 mg/dl (low risk of heart disease).

Border line: 240mg/dl (if higher at high risk)

Less than 70 mg/dL for those with heart or blood vessel disease and for other patients at very high risk of heart disease (those with metabolic syndrome)

Less than 100 mg/dL for high risk patients (e.g., some patients who have multiple heart disease risk factors) if you have heart disease or diabetes.

Less than 130 mg/dL for individuals who are at low risk for coronary artery disease

LDL less than 160 mg/dL if you have 0 or 1 risk factor.

24
Q

Does measuring cholesterol blood level need fasting?

A

Cholesterol level is not affected by single meal but affected by long (change from high fat diet to low fat diet for several weeks) term pattern of eating

25
Q

Cholesterol level is _______ during pregnancy and _____ weeks after delivery

A

Cholesterol level is elevated during pregnancy and 6 weeks after delivery

26
Q

Some drugs which increase cholesterol are (6)

A

anabolic steroids
beta blockers
epinephrine
oral contraceptives
vitamin D

27
Q

Polyanion precipitation for estimation of lipoproteins

A
  • Lipoproteins are precipitated with polyanions ( heparin sulfate, dextran sulfate and phosphotungstate)
  • Reaction should be in the presence of divalent cations Mg, Ca and Mn
  • Most commonly for HDL and is reasonably specific
28
Q

Lipoprotein electrophoresis is used to identify _____

A

rare familial disorders (Type I, III, V hyperlipidemias)

29
Q

How is HDL-C measured?

A

The concentration of HDL in plasma is usually assessed by determining the concentration of cholesterol associated with HDL.

Basically, after the non-HDL lipoproteins are first physically removed or are effectively masked, total cholesterol is then measured.

30
Q

LDL-C estimation misclassifies 15-40% of patients when TG levels are between __________ mg/dl

A

200-400 mg/dl

31
Q

VLDL-C/Plasma TG ratio is useful in what pathological condition?

A

Type III hyperlipoproteinemia
Type III have ratio > 0.689 (usually up to 0.0919)

32
Q

Triglycerides desirable level is below?

A

< 176 mg/dl (< 2.0 mmol/L)

33
Q

Apolipoproteins of clinical importance are (3) ?

A

Apo B, Apo A-1 and Lp(a)

34
Q

Apo B function

A

indicator of combined LDL and VLDL concentration

35
Q

Apo A-1 function

A

major protein of HDL

36
Q

Lp(a) funcion

A

variant of LDL, an independent indicator of CHD risk

37
Q

Half of all myocardial infarctions occur in individuals WITH/WITHOUT overt hyperlipidemia?

A

WITHOUT

38
Q

There is a significant association between _______ and future risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes and hypertension

A

hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein)

39
Q

CRP characteristics

A

It contains little or no carbohydrate and is synthesized in the liver. Its production is controlled by interleukin-6

40
Q

CRP test is based on the _______ ________ method

A

CRP Test is based on thelatex agglutinationmethod

41
Q

CDC/AHA assessment guidelines for CRP

A

Risk low if CRP < 1.0 mg/l
Risk intermediate if CRP 1.0-3.0 mg/l
Risk high if CRP > 3.0 mg/l

42
Q

Elevated homocysteine is associated with elevated risk of ?

A

Vascular and CV disease
Other than that Hcy is also associated with: birth defects, pregnancy complications, psychiatric disorders, mental impairment

43
Q

Clinically measurement of tHcy is considered important to (3)

A

to diagnose homocystinuria ( no processing of methionine)

to identify individuals with or at a risk of developing cobalamin or folate deficiency

to assess tHcy as a risk factor for CHD.

Biochemistry final (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions