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Biochem exam 3 (lipids) > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

transports exogenous dietary fat from intestines to tissues?

A

Chylomicrons

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2
Q

Transport endogenous triglycerides and cholesterol from the liver to the tissues.

A

VLDL and LDL

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3
Q

Transport endogenous cholesterol from the tissues to the liver.

A

HDL

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4
Q

What catalyzes the hydrolysis of TG’s at position 1 and 3 to form free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol.

A

Pancreatic lipase-colipase

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5
Q

2 sources of NADPH in the Cytosol?

A

Malic enzyme and Pentose phosphate pathway

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6
Q

3 comp to fatty acid synthesis

A
  1. NADPH which is reducing power
  2. Malonyl-coa (building block to make fatty acids)
  3. FAS-1 enzyme
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7
Q

what is the intermediate in triglyceride biosynthesis?

A

Phosphatidic acid

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8
Q

Where are triglycerides synthesized for excretion?

A

intestine and liver

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9
Q

What converts the fatty acyl groups into their acylcarnitine analogues?

A

CPT 1

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10
Q

What transfers the fatty acyl group back to Coa?

A

CPT 2

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11
Q

The final round of B-oxidation of FA’s yields _____ and ______

A

Acetyl coa and propionyl CoA which is converted to succinylcholine CoA

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12
Q

is the first intermediate in the biosynthesis of palmitate from acetyl CoA.

A

Melonyl CoA

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13
Q

What inhibits CPT1 and entry of fatty acids into the mitochondria

A

Malonyl CoA

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14
Q

What is the first ketone body to be synthesized that is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol ?

A

Acetoacetate

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15
Q

What is the urea cycle enzyme that is the regulated rate limiting step?

A

CPS1 - Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1

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16
Q

___ is caused by an inherited defect in DBAAT

A

Cystinuria

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17
Q

Na+- dependent or proton dependent cotransporters are?

A

Specific amino acid transporters

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18
Q

Na+- independent transporter of neutral amino acids are?

A

L-amino acid transporter

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19
Q

High urine concentration of what AA’s are found in Cystinuria?

A

Lysine
Arginine
Cysteine
Ornitine

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20
Q

What are the precursors of heme?

A

Glycine and succinylcholine CoA

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21
Q

What are the biosynthetic precursors of poryphyrins called?

A

Porphyrinogens

22
Q

___ diseass caused by an inherited defect in NAAT

A

Hartnup disease

23
Q

What is the key regulator of the urea cycle?

A

N-acetylglutamate (NAG)

24
Q

Mitochondrial NAG synthase makes NAG from ____ and ____

A

Glutamate and acetlyCoa

25
Q

inducible enzyme expressed in response to an inflammatory stimuli. Mediates pain, redness, and swelling of inflammation

A

COX 2

26
Q

What is the rate limiting step in keto genesis?

A

HMG-coA synthase

27
Q

Which Glut crosses BBB?

A

Glut 1

28
Q

3 precursors to gluconeogenesis?

A

Glycerol, lactic acid, amino acids (usually serine)

29
Q

How do you DX type 1 DM?

A

Fasting Blood glucose > 126 mg/Dl

HGA1C > 6.5 mg/Dl

30
Q

Name 3 sign and symptoms of Metabolic syndrome?

A

Insulin resistance
Hyperinsulinemia
Dyslipidemia
HTN

31
Q

Rate limiting step in de novo cholesterol biosynthesis

A

HMG-COA reductase

32
Q

3 ways HMG-CoA reductase can be regulated

A
  1. Phosphorylation/ dephospho rylation
  2. SREBP- mediated transcription
  3. Proteosomal degradation
33
Q

what is the enzyme that phosphorylates ACC and HMGcoA reductase

A

AMPK

34
Q

What is the intermediate that is the precursor of dolichol and coenzyme Q synthesis?

A

Farnesyl pyrophosphate

35
Q

What are the 2 nitrogen sources in the urea cycle?

A

Carbomyl phosphate and Aspartate

36
Q

What is the allosteric activator of CPS-1 in urea cycle?

A

NAG

37
Q

What is the rate limiting step in heme biosynthesis?

A

ALA synthesis

38
Q

ALAS1 in heme biosynthesis is inhibited by?

A

Heme

39
Q

Alas 2 in heme biosynthesis is inhibited by ?

A

Iron

40
Q

What is the precursor of serotonin?

A

Tryptophan

41
Q

What is the precursor of dopamine and norepinephrine ?

A

Tyrosine

42
Q

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an X-linked genetic disorder associated with a deficiency of HGPT that leads to?

A

Excessive production of uric acid (Gout)

43
Q

In biosynthesis of Pyrimidines, the first reaction is the synthesis of CARBOMYL PHOSPHATE which is catalyzed by ??

A

Cytosolic CPS 2

44
Q

In pyrimidine biosynthesis, CPS 2 is inhibited by ____ and activated by _____ ?

A

Inhibited by UTP

Activated by PRPP

45
Q

dTMP is synthesized by methylation of dUMP catalyzed by?

A

Thymidylate synthase

46
Q

What is the enzyme that inhibits FduMP (potent anti tumor agent)

A

thymidulate synthase

47
Q

What is the enzyme that these drugs inhibit ( Methotrexate, aminopterin, trimethoprim)

A

Dihydrofolate reductase

48
Q

Most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasias ( genetic diseases affected adrenal glands)?

A

21- alpha hydroxylase

49
Q

What are the precursors of purine and pyrimidine synthesis?

A

CO2, PRPP, glutamine, aspartic acid

50
Q

3 ketones produced in keto genesis?

A

Acetoacetate
Acetone
B - Hydroxybutyrate

Biochem exam 3 (lipids) (1 decks)

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