LIPIDS Flashcards
FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS
thermal regulation, protection from mechanical shock, store and furnish chemical energy, store excess calories
Defining parameter
SOLUBILITY
Energy storage lipids
triacylglycerol
Membrane lipids
– sphingoglycolipids, phospholipid, cholesterol
Emulsification lipids
bile acid
Messenger lipids
steroid, eicosanoid
Protective-coating lipids
biological waxes (floor waxes, cosmetic waxes)
- Converted into smaller molecules when hydrolysis occurs. Except cholesterol.
Saponification lipids 125
- Cannot be broken into smaller units since they do not react with water. There is no hydrolysis that results in no smaller units.
Non-saponification lipids 34
Simple lipids
(fats and waxes)
Complex lipids
phospholipids, glycolipids, lipoproteins
CLASSIFICATION BY STRUCTURE
SIMPLE, COMPLEX, STEROIDS, Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes.
Long-chain
(C<12 12-26 insoluble)
Medium-chain
(C8-10)
Short-chain
(C2-6 slightly/ marginally soluble)
4-24 C atoms/ straight chain compounds.
Dietary F.A
TF Carbon chain and water solubility is inversely proportional
T
more liquid at room temperature
UFA
Melting point and size of the carbon is inversely proportional
F
Do not contain glycerol but contain long-chain
amino alcohol sphingosine
SPHINGOLIPIDS
Triester of glycerol and long chain of carboxylic acids
called fatty acids.
TRIGLYCERIDES
Amino group of sphingosine can from an amide
bond with a FA carboxyl
Sphingolipids
consist of one fatty acid linked to the
amino group of sphingosine by an amide bond
Ceramides-
– Common constituents of plasma
membranes
Sphingomyelin
Animal fats and plant oils
TRIGLYCERIDES
Component of biological membrane
Phosphoacylglycerols (phospholipids)
Lipid that is a monoester of long-chain carboxylic acids
and long chain alcohols
Waxes
Often found as markers on cell
membranes and play a large role in tissue
and organ specificity
Gangliosides
Major role in regulation of calcium and
phosphorus metabolism
Vitamin D
A fused-ring containing 3 six membered rings and 1 five membered ring (steroid nucleus)
Steroids
TF Phospholipid membranes with low conc. of
cholesterol have a fluidity intermediate between
crystal and crystal state
F
Messenger lipid; oxygenated C20 fatty acid
derivative
Eicosanoids
plays a crucial role in vision
when it is bound to a protein called
opsin
Metabolic precursor is arachidonic acid
Prostaglandins