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Lipids > Lipids 1 > Flashcards

Lipids 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Digested Cholesterol Esters

A

Cholesterol and a fatty acid

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2
Q

Digested Phospholipids

A

Lysophopholipid and a fatty acid

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3
Q

Major Lipid Component of Adipose Tissue

A

Triacylglycerol

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4
Q

Essential Fatty Acids

A

Linoleic and alpha-linolenic

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5
Q

Triacylglycerol

A
  • uncharged
  • water insoluble
  • insulation
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6
Q

Main Site of Lipid Digestion

A

Small Intestine

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7
Q

Where are Lipases Secreted?

A

Pancreas

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8
Q

What is the role of bile salts?

A

Emulsify fatty acids to form miscelles than can travel in the blood.

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9
Q

Where are bile salts secreted?

A

Gall Bladder

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10
Q

What type of substances are taurocholic and glycocholic acids?

A

Bile Salts

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11
Q

What digestable forms is triacylglyverol broken down into and by what enzyme?

A

pancreatic lipase degrades TAG into 2-monoacylglycerol and 2 fatty acids

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12
Q

what essential lipid is arachidonic acid derived from?

A

Linoleic Acid

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13
Q

Describe the process of miscelles absoprtion by microvilli.

A
  • approach brush border membranes of enterocytes
  • lipid products released
  • diffuse across membrane (lithophillic)
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14
Q

What is the name given to excess lipids in faeces?

A

Steatorrhea

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15
Q

How are fatty acids transported after absorption in the small intestine?

A

Combined with solubilising protein apoB-48 into chylomicrons. These are released into the lymph then blood by exocytosis.

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16
Q

Where do chylomicron remnants go?

A

To the liver

17
Q

What is a chylomicron remnant?

A

A chylomicron without any TAG

18
Q

What enzyme hydrolyses TAG (in chylomicrons) into fatty acids and glycerol?

A

Lipoprotein Lipase

19
Q

Where does the glycerol hydrolysed from TAG go?

A

To the liver to produce glycerol-3-phosphate.

20
Q

Where are lipases found degrading TAG?

A

In the small intestine

21
Q

What is the most efficient storage form of fuel?

A

Triacylglycerols

22
Q

What enzymes harvests fatty acids from TAG stores?

A

Hormone Sensitive Lipase

23
Q

What hormone triggers the activation of hormone sensitive lipase by phosphorylation?

A

Epinephrine

24
Q

What effect does high plasma glucose and insulin have deactivation of lipase?

A

Its encourages it.

25
Q

Is HSL activated or deactivated by phosphorylation?

A

Activated

26
Q

How are fatty acids transported through blood?

A

By attaching to serum albumin which has 2-7 binding sites for FAs and are then carried in lipoproteins.

27
Q

What happens to excess FAs when they reach adipose tissue?

A

They re-esterify into TAG for storage.

28
Q

Which lipoprotein accumulates in arteries causing artherosclerosis

A

LDL (low density)

Lipids (1 decks)

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