Lipid Structure & Function

Question 1

Amphipathic

Answer 1

Both hydrophobic & hydrophilic

Question 2

Liposome

Answer 2

Forms a bilayer

Question 3

Miscelle

Answer 3

Forms a single layer of phospholipids

Question 4

Parts of a phospholipid

Answer 4

Phosphate & alcohol that comprise that polar head group joined by a hydrophobic fatty acid tail with a phosphodiester linkage

Question 5

Glycerol

Answer 5

Three carbon alchol

Question 6

Glycerophospholipids

Answer 6

Phospholipids with a glycerol backbone bonded by an ester linkage to two fatty acids in a phospohdiester linkage to a highly polar head group
Named by the head group

Question 7

Cell surface antigens of blood cell types are

Answer 7

Sphingolipids

Question 8

What kind of backbone does sphingolipids have?

Answer 8

Sphingosine/sphingoid

Question 9

Glycolipid

Answer 9

A lipid linked to a sugar

Question 10

Ceramide

Answer 10

Single hydrogen atom at its head group

Question 11

Sphingomyelins

Answer 11

Phosopholipids
Have either phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine as a head group- phosphodiester bond
No net charge- component of myelin

Question 12

Cerebroside

Answer 12

A glycolipid with a single sugar

Question 13

Globosides

Answer 13

A glycolipid with 2 or more sugars

Question 14

Gangliosides

Answer 14

Glycolipids that have polar head groups of oligosaccharides with 1 or more N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA)/Sialic acid at terminals with negative charge

Question 15

Wax

Answer 15

Esters of long-chain fatty acids with long-chain alcohols

Question 16

Terpenes

Answer 16

Built from isoprene (C5H8) moieties and share a common structural pattern with carbons groups in multiples of 5
Aromatic properties
Important steroid precursors

Question 17

Monoterpenes

Answer 17

C10H16 Have two isoprene units

Question 18

Sesquiterpenes

Answer 18

Three isoprene units

Question 19

Diterpenes

Answer 19

4 isoprene units

Question 20

Steroid

Answer 20

4 Cycloalkane rings fused together

3 cyclohexane & one cyclopentane

Question 21

Steroid hormones are

Answer 21

Estrogens, cortisol, aldosterone

Question 22

Cholesterol

Answer 22

Steroid of membrane fluidity

Amphipathic

Question 23

Prostaglandins

Answer 23

20-carbon unsaturated carboxylic acids, has one 5 carbon ring
Act as paracrine or autocrine signaling molecules

Question 24

What is the precursor to prostaglandins?

Answer 24

Arachidonic acid

Question 25

What do prostaglandins supposedly regulate?

Answer 25

cAMP synthesis

Question 26

Vitamin

Answer 26

Cannon be adequately synthesized in the body, must be consumed

Question 27

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 27

A,D,E, and K

Question 28

Vitamin A

Answer 28

Carotene

Vision, growth, and development

Question 29

What is the importance of Vitamin A

Answer 29

Adehyde form, retinal aids in vision

Question 30

Vitamin D

Answer 30

Cholecaliferol–>calcitriol

Increases calcium & phosphate uptake in the kidneys to promote bone produciotion

Question 31

Vitamin E

Answer 31

Tocopherols & tocotrienols
Antioxidants
Aromatic ring reacts with free radicals to destroy them

Question 32

Vitamin K

Answer 32

Phylloquinone & menaquinone
Post-translational modification to form prothrombin clotting factor
Calcium binding