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PPS - obesity > Lipid profile > Flashcards

Lipid profile Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of atherosclerosis?

A

Disease in which plaque builds up inside the arteries, causing them to narrow

Disrupts blood flow

Eventually reduces the supply of oxygenated blood to affected regions of the body

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2
Q

What are atherosclerotic plaques made up of?

A

Fat

Cholesterol

Calcium

ECM proteins like collagen

Cells

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3
Q

Which cells make up atherosclerotic plaques?

A

Smooth muscle cells

Macrophages

Foam cells

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4
Q

What are the risk factors of atherosclerosis?

A

High fat diet

Lack of exercise

Obesity

Excessive alcohol consumption

Smoking

High blood pressure

Diabetes

Family history

Ethnicity

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5
Q

What conditions are caused by atherosclerosis?

A

Angina

Stroke

Claudication

MI

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6
Q

What are the two forms in which lipids can be found in the body?

A

Triglycerides

Cholesterol

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7
Q

Characteristics of triglycerides

A

Esters derived from glycerol and three fatty acids

Fatty acid moieties can be saturated or unsaturated

The combination of 3 fatty acids and glycerol backbone = triglycerides

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8
Q

Characteristics of cholesterol

A

Carried in the blood by proteins

When combined = lipoproteins

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9
Q

What are the two major forms of cholesterol in the body?

A

LDLs - carry cholesterol from the liver to the cells of the body

HDLs - carries cholesterol away from cells back to the liver where it is broken down or passed out of the body as waste products

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10
Q

What is an ester?

A

Organic compound

Made by replacing the hydrogen of an acid by an alkyl or other organic group

Many naturally occurring fats and essential oils are esters of fatty acids

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11
Q

What is a sterol?

A

Cholesterol is a sterol

Modified steroid molecule

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12
Q

What is an important function of cholesterol?

A

Essential component of cell membrane

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13
Q

What is the function of lipid profiles?

A

Help assess the risk of an unhealthy person to have high cholesterol/ triglycerides

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14
Q

What sample is taken to undertake a lipid profile?

A

Blood taken after an overnight fast

Plasma - blood collected in a heparin or EDTA tube

Serum - blood collected in an SST (serum-separating tube)

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15
Q

What colour is an EDTA vacutainer?

A

Lilac

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16
Q

What colour is a heparin vacutainer?

A

Green

17
Q

What colour is a serum vacutainer?

A

Gold

18
Q

Which laboratory carries out lipid profiles?

A

Clinical biochemistry laboratories

19
Q

What is a lipid profile?

A

Collection of several tests

  • triglycerides
  • total cholesterol
  • HDL cholesterol
  • LDL cholesterol
  • total cholesterol/ HDL ratio
20
Q

What type of assay is used to measure the components of the lipid profile?

A

Colourimetric assay

21
Q

What is a colourimetric assay?

A

Add a reagent to cause colour change

Cholesterol is measured via oxidation with cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase

Yields hydrogen peroxidase which reacts with a dye to produce a red-coloured solution

The optical density of the solution is measured using a spectrophotometer incorporated into the analyser

The optical density is proportional to the concentration of cholesterol

[cholesterol] is calculated using a calibrated standard curve

22
Q

What do different modules on the automated analysers measure?

A

Different modules carry out different types of assay

Lipids, cardiac markers, tumour markers and hormones can all be measured using colourimetric assay on a single module

One module is capable of carrying out many different assays using the same basic colourimetric assay with different reagents

23
Q

What do the results of colorimetric testing for cholesterol show?

A

The results are compared to a reference range

Reference ranges depend on whether they are deemed safe or concentrations that are lower in high risk concentration

Goal for those at high CVD risk is lower than minimum goal concentration in normal population

24
Q

What is high triglyceride linked to?

A

Insulin resistance

Lack of fatty acid and triglyceride suppression

PPS - obesity (6 decks)

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