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Molecular Nutrition > Lipid Practical > Flashcards

Lipid Practical Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a lipid ?

A

Esters (acylglycerols) formed in condensation reactions between the OH groups of glycerol and the COOH groups of fatty acids

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2
Q

What are some examples of lipids ?

A
  1. Fatty acids
  2. Waxes
  3. Sterols
  4. Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
  5. Monoglycerides
  6. Diglycerides
  7. Triglycerides
  8. Phospholipids
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3
Q

What are some functions of lipids ?

A
  1. Storing energy
  2. Structural components of cell membranes
  3. Cell signalling
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4
Q

What are some examples of lipids ?

A
  1. Fatty acids
  2. Waxes
  3. Sterols
  4. Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
  5. Monoglycerides
  6. Diglycerides
  7. Triglycerides
  8. Phospholipids
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5
Q

What are some functions of lipids ?

A
  1. Storing energy
  2. Structural components of cell membranes
  3. Cell signalling
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6
Q

What are the components of a low density lipid (LDL) cholesterol ?

A
  1. Unesterified cholesterol
  2. Phospholipid
  3. Cholesterol ester
  4. Apoprotein B-100
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7
Q

What are acylglycerols ?

A

Lipids and esters

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8
Q

How would you recognise an ester ?

A
  • Has a double bond O
  • Has a single bond O
  • Comes from a carboxylic acid, the H group from the OH is removed
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9
Q

How is an ester formed ?

A

By a condensation reaction

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10
Q

What is a condensation reaction ?

A

When two molecules are combined together to create one molecule usually with the loss of a small molecule such as water

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11
Q

What reactions are acylglycerols formed from ?

A

Condensation reactions between the OH groups of glycerol and the COOH groups of fatty acids

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12
Q

What are fatty acids stored as ?

A

Triacylglycerol/triacylglceride

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13
Q

What is tripalmitin ?

A

A triglyceride derived from the fatty acid palmitic acid

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14
Q

What is triolein ?

A

Triolein is a triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid.

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15
Q

Is cholesterol polar or non-polar ?

A

Cholesterol is non-polar except for the hydroxyl group

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16
Q

What is thin layer chromatography ?

A

Chromatography is a method for separating the components of a mixture by differential adsorption between a stationary phase and a mobile moving phase

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17
Q

In thin layer chromatography, what state is the mobile (moving phase) ?

A

Liquid

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18
Q

What phase is the stationary phase in ?

A

Silica

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19
Q

Would you describe a silica stationary phase as polar or non-polar ?

A

Polar

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20
Q

What does qualitative mean ?

A

Chemical analysis designed to identify the components of a substance or mixture

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21
Q

Where does iodine add across ?

A

The double bond

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22
Q

What does ninhydrin react with ?

A

Amino groups

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23
Q

Why does ninhydrin not detect phosphatidylcholine ?

A

Phosphatidylcholine contains no amino groups which ninhydrin detects

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24
Q

What are fatty acids ?

A

Carboxylic acids with long chain hydrocarbon tails (often 16-18 carbons)

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25
Are fatty acids hydrophobic or hydrophyllic ?
Hydrophobic
26
Why are lipids not soluble in water ?
The fatty acid carbon chain is non-polar conferring hydrophobicity to fatty acids
27
What is a monounsaturated fatty acid ?
It has only one double bond
28
What is a polyunsaturated fatty acid ?
Has more than one double bond
29
How is monopalmitin formed ?
The reaction between one of the three alcohol groups on glycerol and one molecule of palmitic acid
30
Why are plant lipids generally liquid whereas animal lipids generally solid ?
Plant oils are essentially pure triacylglycerols, with a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids than animal fats, which gives them lower melting points
31
What are the two important classes of phospholipids ?
1. Glycerophospholipids | 2. Sphingolipids
32
What is glycerol replaced with in sphingolipids ?
Sphingosine
33
What is the key building block of membrane bilayers ?
Phosphatidylcholine
34
Where is phosphatidylserine found ?
Myelin from brain tissue and hen egg yolk
35
What are some roles of cholesterol ?
1. Component of cell membrane 2. Maintains membrane fluidity 3. Biological precursor for many important biological compound including steroid hormones, bile salts and vitamin D
36
What are the essential components of a chromatography system ?
1. A stationary phase 2. A chromatographic bed 3. A mobile phase
37
What does iodine vapour bind to ?
Unsaturated fatty acids
38
What does fluorscecin spray bind to ?
Non-specific binds to all lipids
39
What does ninhydrin spray bind to ?
Amino groups
40
What does molybdenum blue bind to ?
Specific for phospholipids
41
What happens when iodine vapour binds to unsaturated fatty acids ?
Brown spots appear due to the addition reaction of I2 across double bonds
42
What happens when fluorscecin spray binds to a lipid ?
Fluorescent spots are visible under UV light
43
What happens when ninhydrin spray binds to amino groups ?
Purple spots appear when the plate is heated
44
What happens when molybdenum blue binds to phospholipids ?
Blue spots appear
45
Why centrifuge ?
To separate emulsion into two layers
46
How do explain the relative mobilities of mono, di and tri palmitin
They are lipids, monopalmitin is the most polar, followed by dipalmitin and tripalmitin is non polar
47
Why did iodine stain almond and olive oils but not acylglycerols
Acylglyerols are not unsaturated fatty acids
48
What can be said about the lipid composition of almond and olive oil
Olive oil contains a more non-polar lipid
49
What is oleic acids also known as ?
cis-9-octadecenoic acid
50
What is linoleic acid also known as ?
cis,cis-9, 12-Octadecdienoic acid omega 6 fatty acid
51
What is alpha-linolenic acid ?
cis, cis, cis - 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid omega 3 fatty acid
52
What is cholesterol a precursor of ?
Bile salts
53
What does cholesterol have in its structure ?
Tetracyclic ring
54
Is stearic acid saturated, unsaturated, etc ?
saturated
55
Is linoleic acid saturated, unsaturated etc. ?
Polyunsaturated
56
Is oleic acid saturated, unsaturated etc. ?
Monounsaturated
57
Is linolenic acid saturated, unsaturated etc. ?
Polyunsaturated
58
What type of fat has the lowest melting point ?
Unsaturated
59
What type of fat has the highest melting point ?
Saturated
60
What type of fat has the highest melting point ?
Saturated fats
61
Place monopalmitin, dipalmitin and tripalmitin in order of increasing hydrophobicity ?
monopalmitin dipalmitin tripalmitin
62
What is the formula of phosphatidyl serine ?
C13 H24 NO10 P

Molecular Nutrition (1 decks)

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